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ε#1379. 2012ǯ٤Ф줿´ܡ ([2013-02-04-1]) ǡҲ (sociolinguistics) Τʤ macro-sociolinguistics ȸƤФ벼ʬ뤳ȤФΤ micro-sociolinguistics 뤤϶ sociolinguistics ȤȤˤʤ뤬ΩᤰäƤϻξ롥
Ԥ macro-sociolinguistics sociology of language ȤΤ褦ˡȤδϢǤߤҲˤĤƤγؤǤ롥СʤȤƼҲλȤߤ餫ˤȤݤǤ롥Ԥ micro-linguistics 뤤϶Ǥ sociolinguistics ϡҲȤδϢǤߤγؤǤ롥ϡҲȤƸλȤߤ餫ˤ뤳ȤŪȤƤ롥Wardhaugh (12--13) ˰ѤƤ Coulmas (2) ɽڤСΰ㤤ϼΤ褦˸ľȤǤ롥
[M]icro-sociolinguistics investigates how social structure influences the way people talk and how language varieties and patterns of use correlate with social attributes such as class, sex, and age. Macro-linguistics, on the other hand, studies what societies do with their languages, that is, attitudes and attachments that account for the functional distribution of speech forms in society, language shift, maintenance, and replacement, the delimitation and interaction of speech communities.
⤦Ūˤߤȡmacro-linguistics ȤƤϡLabov (30) Ҥ٤褦ˡΤ褦ʤΤWardhaugh, p. 13 ¹ˡ
[Macro-linguistics] deals with large-scale social factors, and their mutual interaction with languages and dialects. There are many open questions, and many practical problems associated with the decay and assimilation of minority languages, the development of stable bilingualism, the standardization of languages and the planning of language development in newly emerging nations. The linguistic input for such studies is primarily that a given person or group uses language X in a social context or domain Y.
Ҳؤٳ Trudgill micro-linguistics macro-linguistics Τ˶̤褦ȤԤWardhaugh ξԤΩˤϲŪCoulmas (3) ˻դʤ顤ΰƤ (Wardhaugh 13)
There is no sharp dividing line between the two, but a large area of common concern. Although sociolinguistic research centers about a number of different key issues, any rigid micro-macro compartmentalization seems quite contrived and unnecessary in the present state of knowledge about the complex interrelationships between linguistic and social structures. Contributions to a better understanding of language as a necessary condition and product of social life will continue to come from both quarters.
ؤҲؤȯŸӾǤꡤ줬Ȥ߹蘆äҲؤϤʤ餽Ǥ롥ȤäơҲؤξץѡظФƤϤʤȤȤˤϤʤʤषĤʤȤ˱٤ǤϤʤ̵˶̤褦ȤƳؼԴ֤ս㤬ФƤƤȤ⤢ꡤ micro-linguistics macro-linguistics ϴˤϢ³ΤȤȤ館Ƥۤ褤褦˻פ롥
ʤܸؤʬǤϡָ ȤʬȤ˰ޤƤΤθؤǤϤޤڤʤʬǤꡤmacro-linguistics °ΰȤƥˡ¸ߤǤʲƣۤpp. 259--60ˡ
Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 6th ed. Malden: Blackwell, 2010.
Coulmas, F., ed. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
Labov, W. "The Study of Language in its Social Context." Studium Generale 23 (1970): 30--87.
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