hellogѸ˥֥               ǿ     helhub (The HEL Hub) 2014-12     ڡ     ɽ    

hellogѸ˥֥ / 2014-12-21

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

2014-12-21 Sun

#2064. ʸμѼ (1) [contact][borrowing][loan_word][anthropology][sociolinguistics][loan_translation]

μѼ (scale of adoptability) ˤĤơ#902. Ѥ䤹ܡ ([2011-10-16-1])#903. Ѥ¿Ⱦʤ ([2011-10-17-1])#934. Ѥ¿Ⱦʤ (2) ([2011-11-17-1])#1779. ܿ٤ȼͽ¬ɸ ([2014-03-11-1])#1780. ܿȼѤμ١ ([2014-03-12-1])#1989. ǽŪʴߤѤμ١ ([2014-10-07-1])#2011. Moravcsik ˤѤ ([2014-10-29-1]) ʤɤǼ夲ƤŪˤϡäǤеǽƸ줬Ūʰ̣ĸ϶Ūʰ̣ĸΤ֤ۤǤμѤưפǤ롥ΤȤϳΤľˤ礦٤ϼ¾ڤƤ⤤롥
Whitney, Haugen, Moravcsik, Thomason and Kaufman ʤɤƱѤؤδؿ Weinreich (35) μѼ٤ˤĤƹ͵椷Ƥ뤬礤Ϥ俵ŤǤ롥

It may be possible to range the morpheme classes of a language in a continuous series from the most structurally and syntagmatically integrated inflectional ending, through such "grammatical words" as prepositions, articles, or auxiliary verbs, to full-fledged words like nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and on to independent adverbs and completely unintegrated interjections. Then this hypothesis might be set up: The fuller the integration of the morpheme, the less likelihood of its transfer. A scale of this type was envisaged by Whitney in 1881 . . . and by many linguistics since. Haugen . . . discusses it as the "scale of adoptability," without, perhaps, sufficiently emphasizing its still hypothetical nature as far as bilinguals' speech is concerned. It should be clear how much painstaking observation and analysis is necessary before this hypothesis can be put to the test.


Weinreich ˴ؤǡ׸򤷤ƤΤϡμѤʸμ (acculturation) δ֤ŦƤ뤳ȤΰѤƱڡεˡΤ褦ˤ롥

Students of acculturation face a similar problem---almost equally unexplored---of rating culture elements according to their transferability. "It seems," says Linton in a tentative remark . . ., "that, other things [e.g. prestige associations] being equal, certain sorts of culture elements are more easily transferable than others. Tangible objects such as tools, utensils, or ornaments are taken over with great ease, in fact they are usually the first things transferred in contact situations. . . . The transfer of elements which lack the concreteness and ready observability of objects is the most difficult of all. . . . In general, the more abstract the element, the more difficult the transfer."


ˤʸˤ衤ζȼѲǽϢƤȤȤޤǤϻĤʤϡΤȤȼѤimportation substitution ȤˤȤδ֤ˤⲿ餫شطꤦȤȤ㤨СŪʸʸϡݤˡפ˥ǥΤޤ޼뷹 (importation) äꡤդŪʤΤϡפƼ෹ (substitution or loan_translation) äꤹ뤤ϡषդη򼨤Τ
Ѥˤ importation substitution ˤĤƤϡ#901. ʬ ([2011-10-15-1])#903. Ѥ¿Ⱦʤ ([2011-10-17-1])#1067. Ѹȸܸθüѡ ([2012-03-29-1])#1619. ʤ deus Ѥ줺 God ݤ줿Τ ([2013-10-02-1])#1778. Ѹ츦 to-do list ([2014-03-10-1])#1895. űѸΥƥѸֻȼѤ෿ ([2014-07-05-1]) ʤɤǰäƤˤȤɤޤ餺礭ʸˤʤꤦȤȤ⤷ʤ

Weinreich, Uriel. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. New York: Publications of the Linguistic Circle of New York, 1953. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

ǽ: 2026-06-26 03:46

Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow