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2014-12-09 Tue

#2052. Ѹˤˤ첻μפʼŪŪѲ [phonetics][vowel][meosl][homorganic_lengthening][gvs][diphthong][timeline][drift][compensatory_lengthening][shocc]

ޥλ夫űѸ졤ѸФƶѸ˻ޤǤαѸ첻ˤ򤶤äȤޤȤ᤿ߤȻפäΤǡפʼŪŪѲޤȤƤߤʲɽϡGörlach (48--49) 첻μ̤˴ؤѲάǯɽɥå󥰤ΤǤ롥

PeriodQuantityQuality
RuleExamplesRuleExamples
WGmc--OE  ai > ā, au > ēa, ā > ǣ/ē, a > æstān, ēage, dǣd, dæg cf. Ge Stein, Auge, Tat, Tag
7--9th c.compensatory lengthening*sehan > sēon "see", mearh, gen. mēares "mare"  
9--10th c.lengthening of before esp. [-ld, -mb, -nd]fēld, gōld, wāmb, fīnd, but ealdrum  
shortening before double (long) consonantswĭsdom, clæ̆nsian, cĭdde, mĕtton  
shortening in the first syllable of trisyllabic wordshăligdæg, hæ̆ringas, wĭtega  
OE--MEshortening in unstressed syllableswisdŏm, stigrăpmonophthongization of all OE diphthongsOE dēad, heard, frēond, heorte, giefan > ME [dɛːd, hard, frœːnd, hœrtə, jivən]
12th c.  [ɣ > w] and vocalization of [w] and [j]; emergence of new diphthongsOE dagas, boga, dæg, weg > ME [dauəs, bouə, dai, wei]
  southern rounding of [aː > ɔː]OE hāl(ig) > ME hool(y) [ɔː]
12--14th c.  unrounding of œ(ː), y(ː) progressing from east to westME [frɛːnd, hertə, miːs, fillen]
13th c.lengthening in open syllables of bisyllabic wordsnāme, nōse, mēte (week, door)  
15th c. GVS and 16--17th century consequences    
esp. 15--16th c.shortening in monosyllabic wordsdead, death, deaf, hot, cloth, flood, good  
18th c.lengthening before voiceless fricatives and [r]glass, bath, car, servant, before  


ΤȤƼѲ̤ѲʤûĹηäƤꡤѸ첻˿̤򷫤֤Ƥʬ롥ġѲϤδطˤΤ⤢뤬̤ȤƤʤäΤǤꡤŪˤϳơΩȤϤޤǤʤǤ⡤βѲΤȤƤȤ館褦Ȥߤ⤢뤳ȤŦƤ㤨С#1402. Ѹ줬ǯ֡첻򶯲Ҳ岽Ƥͳ ([2013-02-27-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿

Görlach, Manfred. The Linguistic History of English. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997.

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