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ܥ֥ǤĤǺܤƤѸǯɽΥ쥯ˡ⤦1Ĥä褦ƣͺرѸ٤1ϤˡֱѸγ̻ˡפꤹǯɽ (4--17) Ǥ롥塦ˤĤƤʤܤΤħĹˡ
| OE ̻ (449--1100) | |
| ˻ | |
| 2500--2000BC | ڥեˤ⽻ǤûȡȱοдͼǤ Iberia ²menhir ΩСˡdolmen ʴľСˤʤɤεаפĤ |
| ڥ²ΰܽ | |
| c2000BC | ² (Celts)Φ Armorica (=Brittany) Britannica (=Britain) Ϥ롥䤬ơԥ² (Picts)Scythia ʤ餯 Scandinaviaˤ Caledonia (=Scotland) ˰ܽΤˡå² (Scots)Hibernia (=Ireland) Scotland Ⱦʬ˰ܽ롥 |
| ڥͤˤ (Roman Conquest) | |
| 55--54BC | Caesar, 2٤ˤ錄֥ƥ |
| AD47 | Claudius, ֥ƥʸ350ǯ֡λ۲֤ |
| 122--26 | Hadrianus 롤åȥϢ緳οάɤŪǡ125ξ (Hadrian's Wall) ۤ |
| 395 | ʬ |
| 410 | ǸΥġVandal ²ޤ餿˥֥ƥ礫űࡥ |
| ڥο | |
| 449 | ֥ƥ Pict ²ηΦΥ塼² (Jutes) ˰ꡤPict ²ȤǤˤ롥 |
| 455 | Jute ²Kent ˰ܽ |
| 477 | Saxon ²Sussex ˰ܽ |
| 496 | ̤ Saxon ²Wessex 꽻 |
| 547 | Angle ²Humber ̤ Northumbria 6ޤǤ Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy 7ˤλȤʤ롥 |
| ڥꥹȶ | |
| 563 | St. Columbaɤ12ͤνƻΤȼIona [aióunə] ϤꡤƻΩʥɷϥꥹȶˡ |
| 597 | St. Augustine, ꥹȶ붵Τ˶ Gregory I ˤäƥޤ Kent ɸʥޥꥹȶˡ |
| 604 | Kent ɥ St. Paul's ƲϷ |
| 617--85 | Northumbriaɤơʸ濴Ȥʤ롥 |
| 635 | ޤ St. Aidan [éidn], Northumbria ϤꡤLindisfarne ˽ƻߡ붵ؤ롥 |
| 657--80 | Whitby νҽƻεǤä Cædmon, ŷλ (Hymn) Τ |
| 664 | Northumbria Whitby Ǥνġޥꥹȶ̤ͥǧ롥 |
| c725 | ޥǸŤν Beowulf θʤBritish Library ¢ͣθ¸ܤ1000ǯΤΡˡ |
| 731 | Jarrow νƻλʺ St. Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum ʱѹ̱ˡˤʸƥ졤²ꥹȶ줿ˤҤ٤ˡ |
| 780--850 | Cynewulf (Elene, The Fates of the Apostles, Christ II, Juliana) |
| ڥǡͤ | |
| 793--4 | Lindisfarne Jarrow νƻǡ (Danes) ˤΫå롥 |
| 829 | Wessex Egbert, Mercia 7줹롥 |
| 851 | ǡ͡ɤǽƱߡLondon, Canterbury Ρ |
| 866--71 | ǡ͡East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia ά³ Wessex ˿ |
| 871--99 | Alfred 粦μαηߡؤ롥 Gregory, Orosius, Boethius Bede ζˤ OE Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ԽƳ롥 |
| 878 | Wedmore ꡤAlfred ԥǡͤˤꡤLondon Chester ¦ǡ (Danelaw) ʥǡͤˡΧڤӡĵサϰˤȤˡ |
| c890 | Englisch (= English) Ȥ졤Bede OE ˽С |
| 901--50 | Υ륦͡ɤФƥǡ϶ذܽ |
| 937 | Brunanburh 襤Wessex AthelstanǡͤˤꡤѹΩ |
| 978 | EthelredѹȤʤ롤ǡͤιάɤ"the Unready" ̵ˤȤ̾롥 |
| c990--98 | Ælfric, ʶΤⶵ Homilies ƻʸȯãιOE ǽؼѥƥʸˡ |
| 991 | Olaf ʤΤ Norway ˡѹ˿ (The Battle of Maldon ʸ¸Τ325ԡˤϤΤޤΤäΡˡ |
| c1000 | Beowulf ܡʸظ West-Saxon ˴ŤɮԡˡWest-Saxon Gospels (West-Saxon ˤǽܳŪǡ6μܤĤäƤˡ |
| 1013 | ǥޡ Sveinѹ Ethelred ̤å |
| 1016 | Svein © Canuteѹ (--35) ˤĤʥǥޡ (1019--35)Υ륦 (1028--35) ͤˡ |
| 1042 | Ethelred ̵© Edwardѹ (--66) Ȥʤꡤǡͤ겦̤롥"the Confessor" ƿˤȸƤФ졤̤롥 |
| ڥΥޥͤ | |
| 1066 | Wessex Harold, Edward ѤDz̤ˤĤNormandy William, Hastings 襤 Harold ˤꡤѹ William I Ȥʤ (--87) ۳ϥΥޥեȤ¿Υե졤Ѹή롥 |
| 1079 | Gregory VII, Vulgata ʥƥ˰ճλѤػߡ¾θؤϰüȤߤʤ줿ˡ |
| 1086 | William I ļ̿ˤꡤǤΤĢ Domesday Book |
| 1087 | William II ¨ (--1100) |
| 1096 | åԤΤ1 (--99) ʸ2ˤ錄ä81270ǯˤޤ³ܿ롥 |
| ME ̻ | |
| 1100 | Henry I ¨ (--35) |
| 1106 | Henry I, Ĺ Normandy ѹν°Ȥ롥 |
| 1135 | Blois StephenѹȤʤ (--54) |
| 1154 | Anjou Henryѹ Henry II Ȥʤ (--89) Plantagenet īϤޤ (--1399) ǯޤ Peterborough νƻ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Laud Manuscript) Ĥ졤1080ǯʹߤʬαѸ餫 ME ħƤ롥ʤ⤦Ľפʼ Parker Manuscript 1070ǯǽäƤ롥 |
| 1162 | Thomas à Becket, Canterbury ʶȤʤ롥λ帢ĥ Henry II Ω |
| 1170 | Oxford ΩThomas à Becket¦˰Ż롥 |
| c1175 | Poema Morale 400Ԥʤ뽡ѸǽƤεӱѤˡ |
| 1189 | Henry II 3 Richard the Lion-Hearted ҿˡѹȤʤ (--99) 3Ψ롥 |
| 1199 | Henry II John Lackland ϲˡѹȤʤ (--1216) |
| c1200 | Layamon: Brut, Ancrene Riwle 'Rule for Anchoress', Ormulum, The Owl and the Nightingale ʤեǤϤʤѸ (ie ME) ǽƤܤͤˡ |
| 1204 | John ե Philip II äơNormandy ʬΦΤå롥 |
| 1215 | John ²졤Magna Carta Ĵ |
| 1216 | John © Henry III9Фˤ¨ (--72) |
| a1225 | King Horn ʱѹǽαʸޥˡ200Υե줬롥 |
| ڱѸ | |
| c1250 | ѹ Henry III ȥե Lous IX Фѹ²롥 |
| 1258 | Henry III, ߤβפ֥åեɾ (Provisions of Oxford) ۡʱѸȥեǽƤ |
| 1264 | ֵ²襤 (Baron's War) . Simon de Montfort Ψ뵮²Henry III ͩĤ֥åեɾפν᤹롥 |
| 1265 | ѹߡ |
| 1272 | Henry III 1 Edward I ¨ (--1307) Wales (-1307) |
| 1300 | ѸƤӾή1Ȥʤ롥 |
| 1307 | Edward II ¨ (--27) |
| 1314 | Edward II, Scotland 襤Ԥ롥 |
| a1325 | Cursor Mundi ԡסѤŷ¤ǸοȽޤǤĹԽˡˡ |
| 1327 | Edward III ¨ (--77) |
| 1337 | ɴǯ (Hundred Years' War) (--1453) Edward III θˤäƥե̤ᤷƿάϤᡤʩ֤³Ūˤʤ줿˻Ϥޤ롥 |
| 1348 | (Black Death) 衼åڤ˹ꡤ¿Ԥ˴θѼΤᡤgrammar school ѹϤߤ (--50) ϫƯǤѸνǹη̥ (the Order of the Garter) ꡥ |
| 1350 | ѹIJ岼ξʬ롥 |
| 1356 | London, Middlesex ˡDZѸλѻϤޤ |
| 1362 | IJ⡤ƱѸǹԤʤ롥ˡ (Statute of Pleading) ˤꡤˡѸѸȤʤ롥 |
| c1362 | William Langland, Piers Plowman ʶŪʪˡˡ |
| ڽס | |
| 1374 | John Wyclif νױưϤޤ롥 |
| 1377 | Richard II ¨ (--99) Plantagenet īǸβˡ |
| 1381 | Wat Tyler, John Ball ̱ (Peasants' Revolt) ˤꡤθǤѸν |
| 1383 | ǸŤαѸΰ롥 |
| c1384 | ǽδѸ Wycliffite Bible Wyclif λƳΤȤ˸ǧƥ Vulgate ˡWyclif, Τ˽롥 |
| 1385 | Ѹˤ붵顤٤Ƥ grammar school 夹롥 |
| c1387 | Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (--1400) Chaucer ʤΥޥμΨ51.8% |
| 1388 | Purvey, Wycliffite Bible شŪʱѸˤ٤ꡥ |
| c1390 | Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight ǽ줿ME ޥɽŪˡ |
| c1393 | John Gower, Confessio Amantis ˤιˡʪΡˡGower äΤޥѸ42.1%54.9%ON 1.9%Ǥ롥 |
| c1395 | Wycliffite Bible 롥 |
| 1399 | Lancaster Richard II ˤꡤHenry IV ȤʤLancaster īϤޤ (--1361)ˡ |
| 1400 | ̤˱ѸǽϤ롥 |
| 1413 | Henry V ¨ (--22) |
| 1415 | Henry V (Agincourt) ǥե緲ˤꡤѹͤ˼Ϳ롥 |
| 1423 | εĻϿѸǵ롥 |
| 1425 | ɥɸŪʽդˤʤꡤʸѤ롥 |
| 1431 | Jeanne d'Arc (1412--) ʲ롥 |
| 1438 | ɥĤ GutenbergϤ롥 |
| 1442 | Henry VI ¨ (--61), York Edward ˲̤å졤Scotland ˴̿롥 |
| 1450 | ԻԤεϿѸǹԤʤ롥 |
| 1455 | Х (Wars of Roses) ȯ̷Ѿᤰä York Ȥ Lancaster Ȥδ֤줿 (--85) |
| 1461 | Edward IV ¨ (--70) York īϤޤ롥 |
| a1470 | Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur ʻʸˤ Arthur ʥȿ͡νʸʸΤ˷ŪʱƶͿˡ |
| 1470 | Henry VI Lancaster ȡˡ̲ (--71) |
| 1471 | Edward IV York ȡˡƤӲ̲ (--83) |
| 1476 | William Caxton, Westminster DZѹǽΰʪǤϤᡤɸѸڤ롥 |
| 1483 | Edward V York ȡˡ2ֱѹ뤬Ȥν Richard, Edward ŻRichard III York ȡˤȤʤ (--85) |
| 1485 | Lancaster Ȥη Henry Tudor, Richard III ȷ路ƤHenry VII ȤʤTudor īϤޤ (--1603)ˡ |
| 1489 | ٤ƤˡᡤѸǵϿ1300ǯޤǤϥƥ졤ʸϥեǤäˡ |
| ModE ̻ | |
| EModE (1500--1700) | |
| 1500 | ͥå (--1650) ع餬ڤƳˤäơŵʤ˹Ԥ졤ˡ˳ΩƤä˥ƥ줫1θȤȤˡ̱²ռ˻٤ơѸ줬ؽѸȤƤѤ褦ˤʤä |
| 1509 | Henry VIII ¨ (--47) |
| 1522 | ɥĤ Martin LutherΥɥĸǡ |
| 1525 | William Tyndale [tìndl]ꥷ츶ŵ꿷ɥĤǽǡѤˤͺդʸϡΤζѸ (AV) ʤɤμܤȤʤä |
| 1534 | Henry VIII魯롥Martin Luther쿷Υɥĸ |
| 1535 | Henry VIII, Oxford ؤ˸ŵʸعֺ¤ߤ롥Coverdale's Bible ʵ쿷ޤबLuther Vulgata νǤäˡ |
| 1536 | Henry VIIIƻ˲ϤȺ롥Tyndaleʼʲ˽褻롥 |
| 1537 | Matthew Bible Tyndale Coverdale Ĥʤ碌Ρˡ |
| 1539 | Henry VIII罤ƻΡ¿μܡʸʶˡThe Great Bible 礭 folio ǤΤᡤƤФ줿ˡCoverdale 紴Ǵʺǽαѹθǧˡ |
| 1541 | Henry VIII, King of Ireland ξιɵIJ˾ǧ롥 |
| 1543 | inkhorn terms ʥաˤȤѸ OED ˤ㡥Τ椨С줿 |
| 1547 | Henry VIII 1 Edward VI, 10Ф¨ (--53) |
| 1549 | Edward VI, The Book of Common Prayer ʤθ塤βФ1662ǯǤǡˡ |
| ?1552 | Edmund Spenser ޤ (--99) |
| 1553 | Henry VIII 1̼ͤ Mary I (Bloody Mary) ¨ (--58) Ʊͥȥå̤ǡѹȥåȤ¿ο̤跺롥 |
| 1560 | The Geneva Bible ʥ͡˴̿ Calvin ɤγؼԤˤΤʸϡΤζѸ礭ʱƶͿˡ |
| 1561 | ڤ Merchant Taylors' School ιĹ Richard MulcasterѸŵͥ褹롥 |
| 1564 | ͡ William Shakespeare ޤ (--1616) |
| 1568 | The Bishops' Bible (Canterbury 綵 Parker 紴ȤơThe Great Bible ꤷΡˡ |
| 1582 | The Rheims-Douai Bible ܤưƨΦ˴̿Υȥå̤ Vulgata 鿷Ρˡ1609--10ǯ˽ǡ |
| 1586 | Bullokar, Bref Grammar for English ʺǽαʸˡˡ |
| 1588 | Drake, Hawkins 顤ڥ̵Ũ (Invincible Armada) ࡤѹγʽФƻ |
| 1590--1620 | ѹ塥 |
| 1603 | åȥɤ James VIѹ James I ȤʤꡤStuart īϤޤ (--1714) (Divine Right) ȥå̤̤롥 |
| 1605 | James I ˼˾ȥå̤ˤ롤ˤ褦ȤŻ (Gunpowder Plot) ȥå Guy Fawkes š |
| 1611 | ضѸ (The Authorized Version of the Bible, AV) 줬¿Ѥ졤90%ѸʸΤ礭ʱƶͿѶ缭ŵǤ Shakespeare ȴƺθ |
| 1620 | 102̾ Pilgrim FathersͳŷϤ̱ɤ Cape Cod ˾ΦNew England ηߤ˾Ф |
| 1623 | Condell and Heminge, Shakespeare First Folio ǡ |
| 1625 | James I λ Charles I ¨ (--49) եȷ뺧˥ȥåŪŪƩ |
| 1631 | ͡ȡɾ John Dryden (--1700) ޤ롥 |
| 1636 | Harvard Ω |
| 1638 | Sir Henry Spelman, Cambridge ؤ Anglo-Saxon ֺ¤ôʤޤʤˡ |
| 1640 | Ben JonsonͤΤ The English Grammar |
| 1642 | (Civil War) (--51) Charles I̤ưŪǵIJ̵뤷ᡤ (Cavaliers) ȵIJ (Roundheads) ʬäؤηĺ |
| ڶϤޤ | |
| 1649 | Charles I 跺졤 (Commonwealth) Ϥޤ (--60) |
| 1650 | λ (Age of Reason) (--1714) ХĴ¡ʰ̡Ť롥 |
| 1653 | Oliver Cromwell (1599--1658) (Lord Protector) Ȥʤ롥 |
| ڲš | |
| 1660 | ե˴̿ Charles II ʡ۵ʲ͡ "Merry Monarch"¨̡ (Restoration) 롥Ƴ |
| 1662 | ѹػα (Royal Society) ǧġʲ˴ʷɽᤷΤǡʸȯãˤˡ |
| 1664 | ѹػαֱѸɰѰפ֡John Dryden ǤѶŪƯˡ |
| 1667 | John Milton, Paradise Lost سڱӼ١ΤѤƿʹ֤θȿ⤯ |
| 1678 | John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress ŷϩ١ʶʪˡɤޤƾֶε¥ |
| 1685 | York James II Ȥ¨ (--88) ȥå̤ŪǤäᡤͿΥȿ̿ |
| 1688 | ̾̿ (Glorious Revolution) James II ϡɤƨ˴ Mary William of Orange ʥ͡ˤMary II (--1694), William III (--1702) ȤơƱDz̤Ѥ |
| LModE (1700--1900) | |
| ڥ㡼ʥꥺֶ | |
| 1702 | Mary II Anne ¨ (--14) ʸ (Augustan Age) Ϥޤ (--26) Samuel Beckley, ѹǽʹ The Daily Courant ϴ (--35) |
| 1704 | Daniel Defoe, A Weekly Review of the Affairs of France and of All Europe ϴ (--12) |
| 1707 | Scotland εIJEngland εIJȹήϢ粦 (The United Kingdom of Great Britain) Ω롥 |
| 1708 | ɥ coffee-house ǡο3000ʸءʤɤ롥 |
| 1709 | Sir Richard Steele, 3ȯԤδʪ The Tatler ȯ (--11) |
| 1711 | The Spectator ϴ (--14) ͤԼ Addison Steele αѸϡȤʿǤꡤθαѸʸΤ礭ƶ |
| 1712 | Swift, "A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue" ʥǥߡˡ |
| 1714 | Anne סTory ϤWhig ޤο䤹 James I ¹ Hanover George Louis George I ȤƲ̤ˤĤʺޤ³ Honaver īλϤޤˡϥɥĿͤѸ줬äǤϥեѤյĤʤǡդΩޤä |
| 1721 | Bailey, An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. ǤʤܸϿܳŪ˸츻⼨ǽαѸ켭Johnson λŵδäȤʤ롥³1802ǯޤ30ǤŤͤ |
| 1727 | George II ¨ (--60) |
| 1731 | ѸȤƤΥƥѤ롥 |
| 1753 | ʪ (British Museum) Ω |
| 1755 | Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language. ŵѤȤƹԤʤ֤θ경˴ͿμŵϡѹǤϤǤʤäǥߡȤȸ롥 |
| 1760 | George III ¨ (--1820) |
| 1762 | Robert Lowth [lauθ], A Short Introduction to English Grammar. ŵŪʵʸˡǡɤޤ졤ƹǤɾ |
| 1768 | Encyclopaedia Britannica ʽ3ȯ4 (1801--10) 20ˡ |
| 1776 | ꥫ罰Ω74ˡ |
| 1783 | James Watt, ؤȯ³ƻȳ̿롥 |
| 1795 | Lindley Murray, English Grammar. will shall λȤʬꡤIt's me ζػߤʤɡ18հεʸˡνǡ19ޤdzعʸˡӤ |
| 1805 | Nelson ġTrafalgar ǥեˤꡤ롥ѹǰפʬѸΰҿޤ롥 |
| 1806 | Noah Webster, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. Τ˥ꥫ֤Ȥ夹뿷֤ˡѡμɴʼŪԻˡϥꥫμȤʤ롥ǿ֤ Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language (1961) ǡǰʤɴʼŵŪƤޤä |
| 1820 | George IV ¨ (--30) |
| 1832 | First Reform Bill ʾȼԤˡ |
| 1837 | Victoria ¨ (--1901) |
| 1861 | ꥫ (Civil Law) (--65) |
| 1867 | Second Reform Bill ǼǤƤήˡ |
| 1881 | Revised Version (RV) οǡ1885ǯ |
| 1884 | The New English Dictionary (NED) Part I (A--Ant) Ԥ1928ǯ˴10ˡΤ13ʬ The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) ȲΡSupplement (1933) |
| 1884 | Third Reform Bill ʾͤˡ |
| PE (1900--) | |
| 1901 | Edward VII ¨ (--10) The American Standard Version of the Bible (ASV) ƹǽǡ |
| 1910 | George V ¨ (--36) |
| 1914 | 켡 (--18) |
| 1928 | Last Reform Bill ʽˡ |
| 1936 | Edward VIII ¨ (--36) George VI ¨ (--52) |
| 1939 | (--45) |
| 1946 | ASV β Revised Standard Version οƹǽǡ1952ǯ |
| 1952 | Elizabeth II ¨̡ |
| 1961 | The New English Bible (NEB) ǡ1970ǯαѸˤĤơ̤餭ӤȽˤ餵롥 |
| 1966 | The Jerusalem Bible ʳƽβÿˡ |
| 1988 | OED 2ǡ20˴ԡ |
| 1989 | The Revised English Bible NEB ̲ˡβ The New Revised English Bible (1990) Ǥϡthou, thee ʤɤ졤ɽƤ롥 |
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