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#3616. 촴첻ûפӵͳ褹 latter, last, utter ([2019-03-22-1]) Ǽ夲褦ˡѸǤϡƻӵˤƸǤĹ촴첻û륱äܤˤϡűѸ줪Ѹ "Pre-Cluster Shortening" ʤ벻Ѳ礫ʤ
"Pre-Cluster Shortening" ȤϡλҲǡĹ첻û첻ؤûǤ롥ŪˤϡֽŤפʤꤹΤ뤿ΰŪάȲᤵ롥ȤƤϡfeed, keep, meet, sleep ʤɤĹ촴첻ư˻ޤʬܼä fed, kept, met, slept û첻ΤƱǤ롥餿ƷƻˤĤƤС촴Ĺ첻ĸФơҲǻϤޤűѸӵ -ra ѸǤ -er ȯŸˤդӵη֤û첻褦ˤʤäΤȤˤƤ롥Lass (102) ˤС
Originally long-stemmed adjectives with gemination in the comparative and superlative showing Pre-Cluster Shortening: great 'great'/gretter, similarly reed 'red', whit 'white', hoot 'hot', late. (The old short-vowel comparative of late has been lexicalised as a separate form, later, with new analogical later/latest.)
Ĺ첻˻Ҳ³û첻 "Pre-Cluster Shortening" ϡդ줿Ѳ1ȹͤ졤ºݤ˱Ѹ첻ˤǤϰۤʤ˰ۤʤĶƤ롥Lass (71) ˤСűѸΤϰʲ̤gospel ˤĤƤϡ#2173. gospel d æ ([2015-04-09-1]) ȡˡ
About the seventh century . . . long vowels shortened before /CC/ if another consonant followed, either in the coda or the onset of the next syllable, as in bræ̆mblas 'branbles' < */bræːmblɑs/, gŏdspel 'gospel' < */goːdspel/. This removes one class of superheavy syllables.
θűѸβѲ3ҲϢ³֤ΤѸСǤ2ҲϢ³֤Ƥ롥夲Ƥƻ촴Ĺûθؤ˴ͿΤϡνѸΤΤǤ (Lass 72--73)
Long vowels shortened before sequences of only two consonants . . . , and --- variably--- certain ones like /st/ that were typically ambisyllabic . . . . So shortening in kĕpte 'kept' < cēpte (inf. cēpan), mĕtte met < mētte'' (inf. mētan), brēst 'breast' < breŏst 'breast' < brēost. Shortening failed in the same environment in priest < prēost; in words like this it may well be the reflex of an inflected form like prēostas (nom./acc.pl.) that has survived, i.e. one where the /st/ could be interpreted as onset of the second syllable; the same holds for beast, feast from French. This shortening accounts for the 'dissociation' between present and past vowels in a large class of weak verbs, like those mentioned earlier and dream/dreamt, leave/left, lose/lost, etc. (The modern forms are even more different from each other due to later changes in both long and short vowels that added qualitative dissociation to that in length: ME /keːpən/ ? /keptə/, now /kiːp/ ? /kɛpt/, etc.)
latter ʤ last) ϡνѸβѲˤϤ֤ȤޤĤäȤõ٤ΤǤ롥
Lass, Roger. "Phonology and Morphology." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 2. Cambridge: CUP, 1992. 23--154.
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