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ѸѼˡȤŪ줿ǥ1Ĥ "Hub-and-Spokes" ǥ뤬롥͡ʱѸѼ狼鹽ƱߤοޤؤΥϥ֤ȥݡ˸ΩƤХǥΥǥˤ⤤ĤΥС뤬McArthur 1987ǯʸ ("The English Languages?", 11) ΤƤߤ1991ǯʸ ("Models of English", 19) ˺ƷǤƤޤƸ롥

ΥǥˤĤơMcArthur ("The English Languages?", 11) ϼΤ褦˲⤷Ƥ롥
The purpose of the model is to highlight the broad three-part spectrum that ranges from the 'innumerable' popular Englishes through the various national and regional standards to the remarkably homogeneous but negotiable 'common core' of World Standard English.
McArthur ȤҤ٤Ƥ褦ˡΥǥϤޤǤȤƤ줿ΤǤꡤ͡뤳Ȥͽۤ롥ºݡǤȽŪʥȤä뤳ȤǤ롥ġѼʬϤ̤ǹΤBBC English Norn Ʊ֤ƤΤϤΤǤϤʤޤ Australian English Tok Pisin ꡥܼŪ䤤Ȥơ⤽˿Ƥ "World Standard English" ȤΤϸ¤¸ߤΤ
οޤΤȤ World English ƤȤˤĤƤϡMcArthur ("The English Language", 10) ϡֵŪʻ¡פǤɾƤ롥
Within such a model, we can talk about a more or less 'monolithic' core, a text-linked World Standard negotiated among a variety of more or less established national standards. Beyond the minority area of the interlinked standards, however, are the innumerable non-standard forms --- the majority now as in Roman times, with all sorts of reasons for being unintelligible to each other. There is nothing new in this, and it is a state of affairs that is unlikely to change in the short or even the medium term. In the distinctness of Scots from Black English Vernacular, Cockney from Krio, and Texian from Taglish, we have all the age-old criteria for talking about mutually unintelligible languages. Nonetheless, all such largely oral forms share in the totality of World English, and can be shown to share in it, however bafflingly different they may be. This is a paradox, but it is also a fact.
McArthur, Tom. "The English Languages?" English Today 11 (1987): 9--11.
McArthur, Tom. "Models of English." English Today 32 (1991): 12--21.
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