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˸ؤˤơĤѲβ丶ᤷȤˡƤѲβ丶ȤȤȤŪ˹ԤʤƤ롥ڵ˳θѲҤȤˤϡߤθѲ˴ؤμʳˤϻʤǤ롥Τ褦˻ʤΤǡ˸ؤ˸¤餺ˤʬǤϡΤ˸ߤäƤȤˡϹƤ롥ϡưθ§ ( the uniformitarian principle ) ȸƤФƤ롥
ưůŪˤϤǤ롥ȸߤξȤˤĤƤƱǤ뤳ȤиŪդˤ뤬줬̤ˤ錄äƤƱͤ³Ƥ椯ȤݾڤܼŪʴפϤʤǤ롥˵äʬ˴ͿƤʾ塤ưˤĤưٹͤɬפȻפĴ٤Ƥߤ
˼Ҳ ( historical sociolinguistics ) ʬŪ¸ߤǤ Romaine ϡˡưǤƤ롥
The working principle of sociolinguistic reconstruction must be the 'uniformitarian principle'. In other words, we accept that the linguistic forces which operate today and are observable around us are not unlike those which have operated in the past. Sociolinguistically speaking, this means that there is no reason for claiming that language did not vary in the same patterned ways in the past as it has been observed to do today. (122--23)
˸츦κŪˡȤơư궯ФƤΤ Lass Ǥ롥Lass ˤСưˤ General Uniformity Principle Uniform Probabilities Principle Ȥ롥
General Uniformity Principle
No linguistic state of affairs (structure, inventory, process, etc.) can have been the case only in the past. (28)
Uniform Probabilities Principle
The (global, cross-linguistic) likelihood of any linguistic state of affairs (structure, inventory, process, etc.) has always been roughly the same as it is now. (29)
ưϤȯۤǤϤʤ19Ⱦˤ¿ʬǾQΰä츦ԤǤ⡤Whitney ʤɤϼΤ褦ȯƤ롥
The nature and uses of speech . . . cannot but have been essentially the same during all periods of its history . . . there is no way in which its unknown past can be investigated, except by the careful study of its living present and recorded past, and the extension and application to remote conditions of laws and principles deduced by that study. (24 as quoted in Lass 28)
ưϸѲθϲ⸽ߤȤˤư㤤ʤȤͤǾȤˤƤϰ㤤뤳ȤȤƤ롥⤽⡤˸ؼԤϸ줬ѲΤǤ뤳ȤФ褯ΤäƤͼǤ뤫顤ȤȤȤѲ뤳ȤϰۤȤƤϤǤ롥ǤϡȤȾȤζϤɤˤ뤫Τǡưε
Lass ˤȡϸǤ "the best of our knowledge" ȽǤۤޤȤǤ롥General Uniformity ʤ Uniform Probabilities ʤꡤߤθؤμοäơꤢꤽʲƷƤȤȤǤʤȤˤϸ꤬դΤǤȤǡ
Lass (29) Ҥ٤ƤȤꡤ¿ξ "the best of our knowledge" "the best of my knowledge" ȤȤˤʤΤǡ˱ѸؤѸˤθ˷ȤȤȤƤϡޤϸαѸؤؤäؤФʤȤʤʤȲƻפäǤ롥ˤϸߤλƤǤ롤Ȥ
Romain, Susan. Socio-Historical Linguistics: Its Status and Methodology. Cambridge: CUP, 1982.
Lass, Roger. Historical Linguistics and Language Change. Cambridge: CUP, 1997.
Whitney, W. D. Language and the Study of Language: Twelve Lectures on the Principles of Linguistic Science. New York: Charles Scribner, 1867.
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