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2010-11-14 Sun

#566. contronym [antonymy][polysemy][contronym]

[2010-10-18-1], [2010-11-07-1]ˤƱ۵ ( homonymic clash ) ȴϢ뤬줬ȿ2ΰ̣Ʊͭ뤳Ȥ롥Τ褦ʸ contronym 뤤 Janus-faced word ȸƤ֡
ѸܶȤơout 롥"Stars are out tonight." ǤϡָƤפΰ̣"The lights are all out." Ǥϡ־äƤפ򤽤줾ɽ魯̤ŵŪ contronym sanction 롥θϡǧġġפθ ( ex. "without the sanction of Parliament" ) ¤ǡۡȳ ( ex. "US sanctions against Cuba" ) θġ fast ˤϡ֤äȡ׸ꤹ̣ ( ex. "make a boat fast" ) ȡ᤯̣ ( ex. "run fast" ) ȤߤƤ롥quinquennial ˤϡ5ǯ³פȡ5ǯ1١פθ ( Bryson, pp. 63--64 )
ǯѤȤˤ "infer" contronym ȹͤinfer ֿ¬פ̣뤬άˤ imply ְżפƱˤѤ롥äAżΤʹB¬Ȥ̴طʤΤξϷӤĤѤȤƤȿФǤ롥OALD8 θˡǤϡʲΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

infer / imply
Infer and imply have opposite meanings. The two words can describe the same event, but from different points of view. If a speaker or writer implies something, they suggest it without saying it directly: The article implied that the pilot was responsible for the accident. If you infer something from what a speaker or writer says, you come to the conclusion that this is what he or she means: I inferred from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
??? Infer is now often used with the same meaning as imply. However, many people consider that a sentence such as Are you inferring that I???m a liar? is incorrect, although it is fairly common in speech.


Trudgill (5--6) infer ˤĤ⤷Ƥ̤ꡤŪʸ̮ŪʴĶʶֻ줬 to from ʤɡˤǤΰ̣ѤƤ뤫Ƚ̤Ǥ礬ۤȤɤǡۤɺƱϵʤȤϤäƤ⡤contronym ˤŪ˸ζ줬ΤϳΤǤꡤinfer Τ褦ʸ̵̤ͭˤƤ⡤줫ΰ̣Ƥ椯ưŤ䰵Ϥϡcontronym Ǥʤ٤礭ȹͤƤ褤ΤǤϤʤ

Bryson, Bill. Mother Tongue: The Story of the English Language. London: Penguin, 1990.
Trudgill, Peter. "The Meaning of Words Should Not be Allowed to Vary or Change." Language Myths. Ed. Laurie Bauer and Peter Trudgill. London: Penguin, 1998. 1--8.

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