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[2010-12-24-1]εǡֱѸֻפԤͳפͤȤǥ֥쥹Ȥ⤷͡ʸ줿Τξ English Today Ƿ깭줿ֻɤǤߤȯüäΤ Crystal 1998ǯʸǤ롥ǯ1997ǯˡ®ˡ Phonography ߽Фֻױưؤ¡ʤϤĤ Isaac Pitman (1813--97) 100ǯפ줿ΤơCrystal Pitman ζӤɾʸä
ʸǡCrystal Pitman ֻפȤŪФǮդϤλƤ뤬ֻפαưΤΤˤĤƤ䤫٤Ƥ롥[2010-12-24-1]ˤCrystal ֻԤͳȤưʲƤ롥
(a) ǤŪˡȤˤĤƤͤϿˡ˽ˤ
(b) ɽֻ䤷ʤ硤ɤαѸѼȯϤȤƺѤ뤫Ȥ꤬
(c) ֻκˤäƲȤ "communication barrier" ( see [2009-05-13-1] )
(d) ƲԤϼβװƤΤΤȹͤ뤿ᡤԴ֤Ŷפʤ
ʸǤ5ƤꡤΤ嵭βվ2Ͻʣ뤬3ϰۤʤäƤ롥5ʲ˰Ѥ롥
(1) "the lack of any official body capable of acting as a clearing-house for linguistic ideas" (14)
(2) (a) "the 'immense dead weight of vested interest opposition' from those who have already mastered the traditional system, and who publish in it" (14)
(3) (d) "'the great diversity of projects for improving our spelling which are put forward by reformers, who have never agreed on any single scheme'" (14)
(4) "this remarkable growth [of English in the past century] has taken place despite the existence of the irregular spelling system. . . . It has not put people off. . . . but the learners learn on regardless." (17)
(5) "the growth of the language in fact militates against any spelling reform becoming successful. The more international any language becomes, the more difficult it is to achieve agreement about matters of usage . . . [T]he language has become so international that any attempt to control its use would require unprecedented levels of cooperation." (17)
(1)--(3) ϡºݤˤ Pitman The Life of Sir Isaac Pitman 路 Baker pp. 210--11 ǿƤͳȤȤ(4)--(5) Crystal ȤΤΤǤ롥
Crystal αѸѤϻ˸ǧȽ뤳Ȥ뤬ȽԤ㤨 (4) Τ褦夲ƤΤ褦ɾΤ(4) ϡԵ§ֻˤ⤫餺ѸϸˤʤäǤϤʤȤǤ롥
̣ΤϡCrystal ѸɸಽˤΤʤֻפ֤ŤƤ뤯Ǥ롥Ѹθä18ȾФ Dr Johnson μäƤ٤⤿餵줿˵ϱʸˡ Robert Lowth Lindley Murray ˤäƤ褽Ʊ˳Ω줿ȯˤĤƤ⡤ۤƱ John Walker ȯ蘆졤٤ɸಽã줿Ǥϡˡ ( orthography ) ΤǤ롥줬 Pitman 19ֻפ֤줿Ūʸ̮äȡCrystal Ϥ (15) 19ˤϱѸؤϩϤǤ˸Ƥֻפ褽ˡѸ¤ؤȳ礷ƤΤǤ롥̤ȤơȤƤؤӤ䤹뤿ֻפʤ褦Ȥ19Ⱦ鸽줿ϡ¤ˤä줿Ȥ⤤롥
Crystal ֻפؤ䤫ʻϡ Cut Speling ʤֻװƤФƤ Upward ˤȿͶȤˤʤäμݤεǡ
Crystal, David. "Isaac Pitman: The Linguistic Legacy." English Today 55 (1998): 12--19.
Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003. 276--77.
Upward, Christopher. "In Defence of Spelling Reform." English Today 57 (1999): 31--34.
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