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ɼҲŵŪʥϡҲŪưξʤҲǤȤȤRigby (27) ϡ18ΥɼҲ "deference society" ȤƤȤ館 Maurice Keen θդڤƼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
. . . a 'deference society', i.e. one characterized by 'an ordered gradation' of social ranks which are hierarchically arranged 'by scales which regulate the respect and the kind of service which one man or woman may expect of another, or may expect to pay another'. 'In the minds of men of that age, the relations of deference and service that persisted between the grades (of society) were the basis of social order, of its essence: they had not yet come to regard social distinctions as divisive, as forces with the potential to tear society apart' . . . . (27)
θˤȡɤμҲϡĿͤμҲŪͿ줿ʬ褦᤹ҲǤꡤ˴¸μҲѳפ褦Ȥ뤤ʤߤҲȤȤˤʤ롥
ʸؤΤʤˤθٻ뺬õȡJohn Gower (1325?--1408) Υƥ Vox Clamantis (5.15, p. 215) ˼μĥȤ Rigby, p. 27 αѡˡ
When a poor man is elevated in the city through an unexpected fate, and the unworthy creature is allowed to reach the height of honour, then nature suddenly groans at the changed state of things and grieves at the unaccustomed rarity.
ǻפФΤKyng Alisaunder ΤȤ륷Ǥ롥ڥ륷 Darius Alexander Թ綠ƨȤǡϲ2ͤڤ Besas Besanas ˤäǻɤȤ̤Ǥ롥Ǹϡʤ뵳Τϲܤ٤ǤϤʤȶ롥Smithers ǤѤ롥
Fundelynges weren þai two Þat her lorde biseiȝen so. Þerfore ne shulde no gentil kniȝth Neuere norissh no founden wiȝth, Ne beggers blood brynge in heiȝe wyke, Bot he wolde hym-seluen biswyke. (B 4595--60)
θ塤Alexander 2ͤޤޤ路ΤȹʼˤϤɤǤϤʤѸθİ "social deference" Ȥơξ̤ᤷƤΤ⤷ʤ
ºݤΤȤRigby εϡɡᶳμҲפϥƥ쥪פǤꡤĿͤμҲŪ;ϤϳΤˤä³ä˹¤θ塤14ȾϼҲϤήưŪˤʤꡤĿͤμҲŪưޤäȤ롥ȤϤҲΤȤƤϡֶפǤˤäơֳ̿פܻؤϼŪʻκʬ夯餤ˤϽʬֶ ǤäȤΤ Rigby ηΤ褦
ɤ deference society ϡ٥ǤϤɤΤ褦ʴߤ餴ȤѼ2;̾λȤʬ ([2011-03-01-1], [2010-07-11-1], [2010-02-12-1][2009-10-29-1]) ˻פĤޤ[2010-10-24-1]ǾҲ𤷤˸ ( historical pragmatics ) ؤäƤ
Rigby, S. H. "English Society in the Later Middle Ages: Deference, Ambition and Conflict." A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture: c.1350--c.1500. Ed. Peter Brown. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 25--39.
Smithers, G. V. ed. Kyng Alisaunder. 2 vols. EETS os 227 and 237. 1952--57.
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