01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
ȤܤˤȤϡۤȤѤˤʤäȤäƤ褤ĤƤ punctuation ʶˤǤ롥ĥɤäΤǡivy-leaf 뤤ϥƥ hedera ȸƤФ롥
Crystal (282) ˤСhedera Ӥϰʲ̤Ǥ롥ꥷޤθŵˤϡȸʬĤѤ줿ʴϢơʬפˤĤƤ ##1112,1113,1114 ȡˡűѸˤϡƥȤμ礿ζڤ佪λΤѤ줿ǶȤƤεǽ˺졤ѤȤʤĤĤäѤȯʹߤŪǤ餫褷͡ʰվۤɤŪѤƤˤϡΥեȤΥڡ䤷̤뤳ȤǤ
⤦Ĵ٤ƤߤȡParkes hedera ˴ؤ뵭Ҥä
. . . the hedera (or ivy-leaf symbol) became a printers' ornament. The hedera is probably the oldest punctuation mark in the West, appearing in inscriptions of the second century B.C. Its decorative potential was already being exploited in some of the earliest surviving codices, but it still appeared at the beginnings and ends of sections of texts in manuscripts produced in the seventh and eighth centuries. In the twelfth century there is evidence to suggest that its function as a mark of punctuation was no longer understood, but it was cast in type in the sixteenth century, and appears in printed books, sometimes in circumstances which stimulate speculation that its original function had been rediscovered. In the mid sixteenth century a number of printers in France and England employed the hedera in places where others had employed the paraph: at the beginning of the first line of the title-page, at the beginning of the first line of a colophon, and even at the beginning of a chapter heading. In A deuout treatyse called the tree and twelve frutes of the holy goost (London, Robert Copland, 1534) the hedera alternates with the pointing hand to separate different injunctions to the reader. However, it was most frequently employed as an ornament, usually on title-pages. On the title-page of John Longland's earlier sermon, A sermond spoken before the King . . . (London, [Thomas Petyt], 1536), it appears in a row of cast pieces, including a pointing hand and fleur-de-lis, employed as ornament. (61)
ޤParkes (181) ˤСƥñ̤ζڤȤεǽαѤȤơűѸμ MS Bodley 819 ǤϡʬΤѤƤ㤬Ȥ̤褦Ȥ12μ̻ϡΰ̣ǤˤĤ hedera punctus versus ֤ƤޤäƤȤ顤Ȥ hedera εǽ˳äΤ⤷ʤ
ߤǤ϶ȤƤ "extinct" Ȥ뤬ȤƤϡΰѤǿƤ褦ʾǤޤ˵˸롥
American Speech 1δƬ McKnight ʸɤ⤦ȤȤˡʲΤ褦 hedera λȯΤǡͤޤǤˡ

Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
Parkes, M. B. Pause and Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West. U of California P, 1993.
McKnight, George H. "Conservatism in American Speech." American Speech 1 (1925): 1--17.
2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
ǽ: 2026-06-26 03:46
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow