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ɸѸȯȯŸǡɥȤ륤ɽԻԤμҲˤμ礫ʤ˴ Keene ʸɤKeene ϡؼԤǤϤʤ˳ؼԤλ顤ɥɤ濴Ȥϰ̤ǤƤ椯¿οɽѤѸɸಽ˴ؤкѡҲŪطʤ⤷Ƥ롥
Keene (101) ϡ10ȾޤǤ˥ɥ濴Ūϰ̤ϸǤޤäȤ13Ⱦ Edward I μˤ "the prime focus of English identity and civilisation" "the capital in something like the modern sense of that term" (101) ȤƤϰ̤ɤ뤮ʤΤȤʤäȤƤ롥͡ĤɥϤϰꤢä1300ǯ16ˤϼȤƸѤȵߺѤƤ "subsistence migration" Ǥꡤब徺1400ǯλˤϼȤƵȵѤϣƤ "betterment migration" Ǥäκϡɥή͡μ˴ؤ뤿ᡤθŪʽϤˤ⺹⤿餷ȤλŦϡҲŪʴ̣ĹǤ (105)
ǤʤKeene λϡʸΤˤ錄äƼҲŪʼͿƤ롥кѡҲȤɸѸȯʤ顤Keene ϼΤ褦ʷƳ
London is likely to have had an influence in the emergence of Standard English not primarily as a site of government and power but rather as an engine of communication and exchange which enabled ideas and information to be distributed and business to be done across an increasingly extensive, complex and varied field. Key processes to consider would include the establishment of fellowship, trust and norms which fostered understanding and an ability quickly to conclude deals in acknowledged and repeatable ways. In the speech of modern economists, such forms of standardisation would have reduced transaction costs. It is no coincidence, therefore, that some of the earliest evidence for the force of London in processes of standardisation concerns matters of measurement which were vital to trade. Another useful concept from the world of economics concerns integration between markets --- between London and other places, and around certain focal points within the city --- leading to uniformity in prices, products and practice. Integration could be a spontaneous process, but it could also be facilitated by a framework imposed by state authority, the king's peace as it was called in the earlier Middle Ages. The search for peace, with a view to promoting harmony, exchange and prosperous cities, was a profound influence on those who wielded power. (111--12)
Ҳηкѳư¥ʤ뤿˿̹͡դμΤƱͤˡҲΥߥ˥¥ʤ뤿˿͡ɸѸΤǤϤʤȤβˤɤٿ͡ΰջ֤ռȿǤƤ뤫ȽǤ뤳ȤΰѤϡкѤ˸¤餺ˤƤּפҲĬäȤȤϤäƼƤ롥ƼҲŪ˼ŪʹͻȻפ
Keene, Derek. "Metropolitan Values: Migration, Mobility and Cultural Norms, London 1100--1700." The Development of Standard English, 1300--1800. Ed. Laura Wright. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 93--114.
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