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2012-10-01 Mon

#1253. ťΥɸαƶ [old_norse][contact]

ε#1252. Bailey and Maroldt ˤ֥ե󥹸αƶܡס ([2012-09-30-1]) ˴ϢơϡťΥɸ줫θŪƶ뤫⤷ʤȻŦƤܤ󤷤Hotta (155--56) ǡ͡ʸθڤˤΤΤǡƷǤ롥ä䲻˴ؤƤϡBaugh and Cable ϤȤ복ǡťΥɸαƶϹ⤵ƤΤǡǤϤޤȤޤäƵҤ뤳ȤξʤؤαƶβǽŦƤܤ˸ꤷ

1. functional words such as they, till, fro, though, both, are, and same
2. the third person singular present ending in -s of the verb in the North
3. the present participle ending -and of the verb in the North
4. the ending -t as in scant, want and athwart, which are attributed to the Old Norse neuter ending of the adjective
5. the genitive ending -er, as in on nighter tale and bi nighter tale
6. the reflexive ending -sk, as in busk and bask
7. are in the North in contrast with be in the South
8. the loss of the prefix ge- for the past participle of the verb
9. the preterit plural and the preterit subjunctive forms of certain verbs belonging to the strong classes IV and V


1. the tendency to omit the relative pronoun þat in Middle English in contrast with the Old English tendency to retain it
2. the Modern English differentiated usage of the auxiliaries will and shall, which is comparable to the Scandinavian usage
3. the Modern English usage of sentence-final prepositions, as in "He has someone to rely on," which is comparable to the Scandinavian usage
4. the position of an auxiliary in the subjunctive pluperfect construction, and its pattern of omission
5. the Middle English tendency to put a genitive noun before the noun it modified


ιܤˤϡťΥɸαƶη̤ȤȤʤäƤΤ⤢С路Τ⤢롥ޤǸťΥɸαƶ֤פȻŦƤΤ򽸤᤿ʤΤǡդǤϤ롥ʤHotta θʸǤϡ嵭ΤۤȤɤιܤˡŵդƤ롥

Hotta, Ryuichi. The Development of the Nominal Plural Forms in Early Middle English. Hituzi Linguistics in English 10. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo, 2009.
Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2002.

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