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ε#1302. ʤ¸ߤΤ --- ǥˤ ([2012-11-19-1]) ˰³ʤ¸ߤΤʤޤΤȤѤʵ롥Ҥ٤ǥ (family_tree) ˤη٤䤤ΤȾǥ (wave_theory)
Bloomfield (317) εҤڤơȾǥˤʬȤ褦
Different linguistic changes may spread, like waves, over a speech-area, and each change may be carried out over a part of the area that does not coincide with the part covered by an earlier change. The result of successive waves will be a network of isoglosses . . . . Adjacent districts will resemble each other most; in whatever direction one travels, differences will increase with distance, as one crosses more and more isogloss-lines. This, indeed, is the picture presented by the local dialects in the areas we can observe.
ȤƤΤϡ(1) ѲʸŪˤȾ˳Ȼ뤳Ȥȡ(2) ġθѲˤäȤãϰϤۤʤ뤳Ȥ2ˤꡤΥХˤϡʣȤ (isogloss) 뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Ǥդ2Ȥȡߤ˶ᤱжᤤۤɡθѲ¿ͭƤΤǡΤȤƸŪʶ¿ᤤäȤˤʤ롥դ˱бۤɡŪ˶ͭƤѲϾʤΤǡΤȤư㤤礭äȤˤʤ롥ԤΥǤϡ֤ФƤзФĤۤɡŪʶʤʤꡤǽŪˤϸߤ̤ʤۤʤؤʬƤ椯
Τ褦ˡȾǥϡּ˱äʬȼѲ⡤ŪʵΥ˴ŤȤĴ롥ʬΤˤͥ줿ǥȤƤ뤬ǥ˴ŤӸؤƤΤϻ¤Ǥꡤξǥ䤤礦ΤȤƤȤ館ΤΥǥˤƤ⡤ѲȤƤ뤳ȤõƤ
Bloomfield (317--18) ϾΰѤ³ơȾǥˤʬˤĤơͤùŪʻͿƤ롥ѤƤ
Now, let us suppose that among a series of adjacent dialects, which, to consider only one dimension, we shall designate as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, . . . X, one dialect, say F, gains a political, commercial, or other predominance of some sort, so that its neighbors in either direction, first E and G, then D and H, and then even C and I, J, K, give up their peculiarities and in time come to speak only the central dialect F. When this has happened, F borders on B and L, dialects from which it differs sharply enough to produce clear-cut language boundaries; yet the resemblance between F and B will be greater than that between F and A, and, similarly, among L, M, N, . . . X, the dialects nearest to F will show a greater resemblance to F, in spite of the clearly marked boundary, than will the more distant dialects. The presentation of these factors became known as the wave-theory, in contradistinction to the older family-tree theory of linguistic relationship. Today we view the wave process and the splitting process merely as two types --- perhaps the principal types --- of historical processes that lead to linguistic differentiation.
Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. 1933. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1984.
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