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ԥᥦդβ (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) ˤĤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ sapir-whorf_hypothesis εǿۤɿƤ⤽ΤΤξҲϤޤäΤǡʲ˶ʽŪʵҤܤ
ԥᥦդβϡʸδطˤ벾Ǥꡤι¤üԤѤ˱ƶͿƤȼĥ롥βˤϡȼ夤ΤΤꡤԤ (linguistic determinism) Ԥ (linguistic relativity) ȸƤФ롥ϡüԤθˡ뤤˷ꤹΤΤǤꡤ鼫ͳˤʤ뤳ȤϤǤʤ뤤ȼĥ롥夤ϡʸϸꤹȤϤʤޤǤ⡤ʬŪ˸ξȿǤȤȤϤȼĥ롥
ʸδطˤĤƤϡ19˥ɥĤ Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767--1835) ѡƤå (32) ˤСHumboldt ˤȤäơȤϡ֤̱²ǡ¤ȯϪ줿ΡפǡפγŪɽǤꡤˤĤƤθ WeltanschauungˤȿǤΤǤ롥ԥᥦդβϡΤ Humboldt Ρѡȿ⤤ȤΩƥꥫϤȯΤǤ롥̾Ȥꡤβϥꥫ2ͤθؼ Edward Sapir (1884--1939) Ȥ櫓 Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897--1943) ȶӤĤ뤳ȤȤʤä
ޤϡSapir μĥƤߤ褦Sapir μĥǤΤ˸ƤսȤơWardhaugh (230) ѤƤʸϤ¹롥
Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the 'real world' is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group. . . . We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir 207)
Sapir ϡϤΤβ "predispose" ȽҤ٤ˤȤɤޤꡤŤ (determine) ȤޤǤϸäƤʤҤ Whorf μĥϤ궯ؤƧ߹Ǥ롥ƤӡWardhaugh (231) ¹
. . . the background linguistic system (in other words, the grammar) of each language is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas, the program and guide for the individual's mental activity, for his analysis of impressions, for his synthesis of his mental stock in trade. Formulation of ideas is not an independent process, strictly rational in the old sense, but is part of a particular grammar, and differs, from slightly to greatly, between different grammars. We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages. The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds --- and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds. We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way --- an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language. The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data which the agreement decrees. (cited in Wardhaugh 231 from Carroll 212--14)
"largely" 2ѤƤΤߤȡWhorf ϸ줬ִͤˡꤹȤޤǤϸäƤʤ"the shaper of ideas", "along lines laid down by our native languages", "absolutely obligatory" ʤɤȡʤ궯ɽ¤ǤΤ¤Ǥ롥
ԥᥦդβϤޤƤʤȤƤ뤫Τ褦ʸ⾯ʤʤ㤨С椯ȤơۤʤϰۤʤѤǤФΤǤ뤫ȼĥ롥̤ɽ魯äűѤ뤳Ȥˤäơ̤λۤʤʤϤ롥ʳŪˤޤƤ餺줦Τɤ¿ԤĤƤޤʤǤ뤳ȤϳΤǤ롥
Sapir, E. "The Status of Linguistics as a Science." Language 5 (1929): 207--14.
Carroll, J. B., ed. Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT P, 1956.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 6th ed. Malden: Blackwell, 2010.
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