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2013-05-30 Thu

#1494. multilingualism ξ֤Ǥ [bilingualism][world_languages][model_of_englishes][native_speaker_problem][linguistic_imperialism]

ܤޤܸۤͣδĶ褷Ƥ¿ܿͤˤȤäơͤ bilingual ǤȤ multilingual Ǥʤɤʹȡò޻ǰΤǤϤʤƱ褦ȿϡ¿νǤǧʼºݤˤϡ[2013-01-30-1]εǤߤ褦ˡ#1374. 衼åѳƹ¿ѹǤפˤ⤫餺ˡʣθȤȤüǽϤ뤤ϰζȤǤꡤʤȤ̤ǤϤʤȤΰݤ롥
㤨СѸˤμȤǡѸΥ󥰥ɼҲ񤬱Ѹ졤ե󥹸졤ƥ trilingualism μҲäȤΥ󥰥ɲϥե󥹸ȤѸ򤷤ʤԤ⾯ʤʤäȾҲ𤹤ȡ͡ϤɤΤ褦˸ߤ˥ߥ˥äƤΤϤɤΤ褦˽̱̿ƤΤȤ䤬ɬФ롥伫Ȥ multilingual Ҳ褷ȤʤΤǡΰտޤǤ뤷ϤƯȤƤ´ͯˤ
źθҴŪįȡܤפνΤ褦 monolingual ǥեȤȹͤѤΤۤФäƤΤȤȤ狼äƤ롥ΤʿФΤ񤷤Ǥ monolingual ʸ춦ƱΡmonolingual üԤΤۤȤäƤ褤Ҳؤ3ĤꡤƱݤΰѤ󤲤롥

In view of the need for communication with neighbouring communities and government agencies, it is fair to assume that many members of most communities are multilingual. (Hudson 9)


. . . in many parts of the world an ability to speak more than one language is not at all remarkable. . . . In many parts of the world it is just a normal requirement of daily living that people speak several languages: perhaps one or more at home, another in the village, still another for purposes of trade, and yet another for contact with the outside world of wider social or political organization. These various languages are usually acquired naturally and unselfconsciously, and the shifts from one to another are made without hesitation. (Wardhaugh 93)


It has been estimated that there are some 5,000 languages in the world but only about 185 nation-states recognized by the United Nations. Probably about half the world's population is bilingual and bilingualism is present in practically every country in the world. (Romain 33)


ɤ졤͸ϤʤΤQǤäơϤʤΤȻפǤҲ⡤ˤϰճ¿ΤǤ󤽤餹٤ƤͤҤȤοʹ֤Ʊ٥ǤȤȤǤϤʤ礬¿ΤǤξǧƤȤϡȤƤפʤȤȻפޤܤǤϳ줬ĤǤǡ֤פȻפ褦ʴФޤɡȤС˥˽ޥ͡ϲȤǤޥäƤޤȤϥޥͤǤƱ˥˥ͤʤΤǡҥȱѸ줬Ǥʤä顤Ūʹ̱ȤƤ褬ǤʤǤ͡Į˽ФƿƲбĤ褦Ź˶Ф褦ҤϤߤʱѸ䥹ҥȤäƤ櫓Ǥ顥ͤοʹ֤İʾ˰ۤʤäŪ˻ȤʬäƤȤҲ¤ˤ¿ޤƤǤϡߤǤ⡤轻̱θäƤͤ¿ޤȤФ줬ᥭä顤楫ȾΥޥͤϥޥȤƤޤᥭͤǤ顤ѸǤ륹ڥäʤФʤʤΤǤp. 50--51


ܿͤˤȤäʳ1İʾθ뤳ȤǤȤȤϡۤȤɤξ硤سؽη̤ȤƤơ̳ǤѸؽ1ĤȤäƤߤƤ⡤줬¿λ֤ϫϤפ뤫褯ΤäƤ롥äơͤ multilingual ȤȡǤγؽ̤ˤʤȻפǡò޻ΤǤ롥¿ multilingual ʸĿͤϡ"naturally and unselfconsciously" ʣθƤΤǤ롥ϤޤǤʤȤ櫓ǤϤʤθ춦ƱΤ׵᤹ҲŪ1ĤȤʣθΤǤ롥Τ褦ʿ͡ϡ䤿Ƥ⤺äȼ̵ռ˸ؽƤޤ褦
ä multilingualism źθ춦ƱΤΥǥեȤǧȡष monolingualism פ֤Τ褦˸Ƥ롥˵䤷ʤȡȤ櫓ѸݤȤʤĤĤ븽θʤѸ monolingualism ϰ۾ǤȤո졤̤ȤƱѸȽlinguistic_imperialism ε򻲾ȡˤͥƥԡץ֥ native_speaker_problem) ʤ꤬ƤƤ롥#272. ݸȤƤαѸüԤʬ뿷ǥ ([2010-01-24-1]) ⡤¿Ѥ֤ǤꡤñѤ㳰ŪǤȤǧΤȤ󵯤줿ǥǤ롥

Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 1996.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 6th ed. Malden: Blackwell, 2010.
Romain, Suzanne. Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Oxford: OUP, 2000.
Ƿؿ֤ȤСפβݳȡ١ҡ2012ǯ

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