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#444. ԥȥ쥪ζܡ ([2010-07-15-1]) εǡpidgin creole ζ̤٤Ǥ뤳Ȥߤǡpidgin creole ⡤#1671. dialect contact, dialect mixture, dialect levelling, koineization ([2013-11-23-1]) ˤ koiné ȤȤˡlingua_franca ȤƵǽ뤳Ȥ#1391. lingua franca (4) ([2013-02-16-1]) εdzǧǤϡlingua franca ϡtrade language, contact language, international language, auxiliary language, mixed language ʤʣμ˶̤ȤäGramley ϤѸλؼоݤδ֤˰ۤʤطꤷƤ褦Gramley (219) ϥԥȤδϢѸȤζ̤contact, marginal, mixed, non-native, reduced Ȥ5ĤΥѥѤưʲΤ褦˼Ƥ롥
| contact | marginal | mixed | non-native | reduced | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trade jargon | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| pidgin | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes/no |
| lingua franca | yes | yes | no | yes/no | yes |
| koiné | yes | no | yes | no | yes/no |
| dialect | no | yes/no | no | no | no |
| creole | no | no | no | no | no |
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2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
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2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
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2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
ǽ: 2026-06-26 03:46
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