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2014-02-28 Fri

#1768. Historical Paradox Uniformitarian Principle [uniformitarian_principle][methodology]

ܥ֥ǡưθ§ (uniformitarian_principle) ˤĤƲ٤夲Ƥ#1588. The Uniformitarian Principle (3) ([2013-09-01-1]) εǤϡComrie Lass δ֤衤process/force ư state ưȤ˿줿Labov ϤˤĤƿŤ٤򼨤Ƥ롥
Labov ϡưθ§ϡˤε (Historical Paradox) 椨˻ʤѤʤ§ʤΤǤꡤǽʤɤǤϤʤȤ⤹롥ǤϡˤεȤϲLabov (21) ˤСʲ̤Ǥ롥

The task of historical linguistics is to explain the differences between the past and the present; but to the extent that the past was different from the present, there is no way of knowing how different it was.


ߺդƤСߤȲθ (state) ΰ㤤餫ˤ뤳Ȥ˸ؤλ̿ʤΤ㤦ϤȤȤʬäƤƤ⡤߽Ф (process/force) ΤäƤȤС㤤狼ʤǤϤʤȤȤˤʤ롥ʤȤ򤤤äƤϲ򤹤뤳ȤʤɤޤǤǤʤʤäƤޤǤϤʤȻפ碌褦ʵ
ǡ˸椬뤳ȤˤʤΤưǤ롥դ٤ϡưˤεФˡ (solution) ȤƤǤϤʤ (consequence) ȤƤƤˤʤȤȤǤ롥

. . . [the uniformitarian principle] is in fact a necessary consequence of the fundamental paradox of historical linguistics, not a solution to that paradox. If the uniformitarian principle is applied as if it were such a solution, rather than a working assumption, it can actually conceal the extent of the errors that are the result of real differences between past and present.
   Solutions to the Historical Paradox must be analogous to solutions to the Observer's Paradox. Particular problems must be approached from several different directions, by different methods with complementary sources of error. The solution to the problem can then be located somewhere between the answers given by the different methods. In this way, we can know the limits of the errors introduced by the Historical Paradox, even if we cannot eliminate them entirely. (Labov 24--25)


ҤΤȤꡤLass ϸ֤Τ٤ѤѤǤȤ state ư򾧤Comrie ϸѲϳؤΤ٤ѤѤǤȤ process/force ư򾧤Ƥ롥ưˤƤ⡤ˤεˤ¤줶ʤ˸򤻤Ω뤿ˡϤǤϤ뤬¤ˤۤʤȾβˤʤ˾ʤ鸦򤷤Ƥ뤳ȼΤ򤱤ʤ֡ưΡ˸§פȤƾΤ䤹ȤΤϴȤȤưΡָ§פϡΤȤϡֲפʤΤǤ롥

Labov, William. Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1994.

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