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hellog¡Á±Ñ¸ì»Ë¥Ö¥í¥° / 2014-02-20

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¢£ #1760. »þ´Ö¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¿¼¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀµ½ñË¡ [spelling][orthography][alphabet][spelling_pronunciation_gap][spelling_reform][pde_characteristic]

¡¡É½²»Åª¤Êʸ»úÂηϤÎÀµ½ñË¡¤äÄÖ»ú¤¬¡¤»þ´Ö¤È¤È¤â¤ËÍýÁÛŪ¤Ê²»¤È¤ÎÂбþ´Ø·¸¤òÊø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤«¤¶¤ë¤ò¤¨¤Ê¤¤»ö¾ð¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¤¡Ö#15. Bernard Shaw ¤¬¸À¤Ã¤¿¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ï "ghotiy" ?¡× ([2009-05-13-1]) ¤ÇÏÃÂê¤Ë¤·¤¿¡¥¸¶Â§Åª¤Ëɽ²»Åª¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ»úÂηϤˤª¤¤¤Æ¡¤Ê¸»ú¤È²»¤È¤¬¤¤¤«¤ËÌ©ÀܤËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¼¨¤¹¤Î¤Ë¡¤Àµ½ñË¡¤Î¡ÖÀõ¤µ¡×¤ä¡Ö¿¼¤µ¡×¤È¤¤¤¦É½¸½¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡¥¤³¤ÎÍѸì»È¤¤¤ò±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀµ½ñË¡¤ËŬÍѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¤¡Ö±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀµ½ñË¡¤Ï»þ´Ö¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¿¼¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿¡×¤È¸À¤¤´¹¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¡¥¤³¤ì¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¡¤Horobin (34) ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¥

The degree to which a spelling system mirrors pronunciation is known as the principle of 'alphabetic depth'; a shallow orthography is one with a close relationship between spelling and pronunciation, whereas in a deep orthography the relationship is more indirect. It is a feature of all orthographies that they become increasingly deep over time, that is, as pronunciation changes, so the relationship between speech and writing shifts.


¡¡¸½Âå±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀµ½ñË¡¤ÎÉÔµ¬Â§À­¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¤¡Ö#503. ¸½Âå±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÄÖ»ú¤Ïµ¬Â§Åª¤«ÉÔµ¬Â§Åª¤«¡× ([2010-09-12-1]) ¤ä¡Ö#1024. ¸½Âå±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÄÖ»ú¤ÎÉÔµ¬Â§À­¤¢¤ì¤³¤ì¡× ([2012-02-15-1]) ¤Û¤«Â¿¤¯¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Æ¤­¤¿ÏÃÂê¤À¤¬¡¤¤½¤ÎÉÔµ¬Â§À­¤òŬÀÚ¤Ëɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï°Æ³°¤à¤º¤«¤·¤¤¡¥[2010-09-12-1]¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¤â¼¨º¶¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤±Ññ¸ì¤Î type ¿ô¤Ç¤ß¤ì¤ÐÉÔµ¬Â§¤ÊÄÖ»ú¤ò¼¨¤¹¸ì¤Ï°Õ³°¤È¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À¤¬¡¤token ¿ô¤Ç¤¤¤¨¤Ð¡¤Æü¾ïŪ¤Ç¹âÉÑÅ٤θì¤ËÉÔµ¬Â§¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬Â¿¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¤±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀµ½ñË¡¤¬Á´ÂΤȤ·¤ÆÉÔµ¬Â§¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦»ö¾ð¤¬¤¢¤ë¡¥±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀµ½ñË¡¤Ï°ìÈ̤ˤϡֿ¼¤¤¡×¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¤Crystal (72) ¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¿¼¤µ¤Ï¸«¤«¤±¾å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¡¤¸½¾õ¤òÍʸ¤ëΩ¾ì¤À¡¥

There are only about 400 everyday words in English whose spelling is wholly irregular --- that is, there are relatively few irregular word types . . . . The trouble is that many of these words are among the most frequently used words in the language; they are thus constantly before our eyes as word tokens. As a result, English spelling gives the impression of being more irregular than it really is. (Crystal 72)


¡¡³Î¤«¤ËÆü¾ïŪ¤Ê¹âÉÑÅٸ줬ÉÔµ¬Â§¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï "trouble" ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤°ìÊý¡¤¤³¤Î¾¯¿ô¤ÎÉÔµ¬Â§¤ÊÄÖ»ú¤µ¤¨Áá´ü¤Ë½¬ÆÀ¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¨¤Ð¡¤ÌäÂê¤ÎÂçȾ¤ò¹îÉþ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤â¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤¥Ý¥¸¥Æ¥£¥ô¤Ë¹Í¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡¥¤É¤ó¤ÊÀµ½ñË¡¤â»þ´Ö¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¿¼¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤æ¤¯¤Î¤¬½ÉÌ¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¤ÄÖ»ú²þ³×¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤â¡¤¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¤³¤Î½ÉÌ¿¤òÁ°Äó¤Î¾å¤Ç¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¤í¤¦¡¥

¡¡¡¦ Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002.
¡¡¡¦ Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-12-09-1] [2017-10-07-1]

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