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εοʲŤˤĤƤ͡Ƥꡤܥ֥Ǥ origin_of_language evolution εǴϢ夲ƤȤɾΤ Aitchison ˤСȯȽοʲˤϡ3Ĥβ⤬롥
1ܤϡAitchison "rabbit-out-of-a-hat" ȸƤǤΤǡϼʻդ˹Ҥ饦ФΤ褦ǡȤΤȤ#544. ҥȤȯﴱοʲŬ ([2010-10-23-1]) εǾҲ𤷤ѥɥΤǡChomsky ʤɤ羧ԤǤ롥"What use is half a wing for flying?" ȤʲѤطʤˡ줬ȾüȯãʳȤΤǤʤȤ롥ˤȡȯľθˤϡθˤߤʣʵǤäƤȤȤˤʤ롥
2ܤϡ"snail-up-a-wall" ȤǤƤ֤٤ǡʳϢ³ŪȯθⲿǯǯȤ֤ˤ錄äƤäȰ®٤ǿʲƤäȤΤǤ롥ɤΥΥ礦ĥȤǤ롥ʪʲˤơβ˹פ褦ʷʤȤ顤οʲˤƤϤޤʤΤǤϤʤȤ롥
3ܤϡ嵭2ĤȤ߹碌褦ʲǡAitchison "fits-and-starts" ȸƤǤ롥ˤȡȯȿʲϡڴĹȤߤ˷֤ͼħŤȤ롥#1397. ³ʿեǥ ([2013-02-22-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 punctuated_equilibrium ˤϢʤͤ
Aitchison ϤΤ餺4βȤơ٤ƤȤ߹碌褦ƤФܿͤϡ "language bonfire" ȸƤǤ롥
Probably, some sparks of language had been flickering for a very long time, like a bonfire in which just a few twigs catch alight at first. Suddenly, a flame leaps between the twigs, and ignites the whole mass of heaped-up wood. Then the fire slows down and stabilizes, and glows red-hot and powerful. . . . Probably, a simplified type of language began to emerge at least as early as 250,000 BP. Piece by piece, the foundations were slowly put in place. Somewhere between 100,000 and 75,000 BP perhaps, language reached a critical stage of sophistication. Ignition point arrived, and there was a massive blaze, during which language developed fast and dramatically. By around 50,000 BP it was slowing down and stabilizing as a steady long-term glow. (60--61)
ϡSǥȸƤ褤˼Ƥ륿ॹѥǥդȡΤ褦ˤʤ롥

οʲˤĤƤβϾ嵭̤줬͡δ֤ŤƤäͼˤĤƤϤɤ2Ĥ϶̤٤ۤʤǤ롥Aitchison ϡŤˤĤƤϰ쵤˹ޤ "language bushfire" θѤƤ롥դʤСޤʷľ뤤϶ȤȤˤʤ
. . . there's a distinction between language emergence (the bonfire) and its diffusion---the spread to other humans (a bush fire). . . . Once evolved, language could have swept through the hominid world like a bush fire. It would have given its speakers an enormous advantage, and they would have been able to impose their will on others, who might then learn the language. (61--62)
Aitchison, Jean. The Seeds of Speech: Language Origin and Evolution. Cambridge: CUP, 1996.
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