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2֤ε ([2014-02-17-1], [2014-02-18-1]) ǡ18Ⱦ19ˤƤΥޥɤ synaesthesia ɽδطˤĤƸƤŪ뤤ϰ̣ŪˤСsynaesthesia ɽΤĺ̥Ϥϡ̴ֲФ̴Фؤΰ̣žѡפȤ뤤ϡؿӤɽǤСˡ§ˤ롥
ˤĤƤβѸζɽˤä̤˼¾ڤͤΤWilliams Ǥ롥Williams ϡ100Ķ봶Фɽ魯ѸηƻˤĤơϢνǯ OED MED dzΤʤ顤̣žѤ̻Ū餫ˤˡѸ˸¤äƤСñ˲̤̤ؤžѤȤҤ٤ǤϤʤδд֤ǤžѤΩĤȤ餫ˤWilliams (463) ηǤ롥
THE MAJOR GENERALIZATION is this: if a lexeme metaphorically transfers from its earliest sensory meaning to another sensory modality, it will transfer according to the schedule shown in Figure 1.
ŪʴɽС"Sensory words in English have systematically transferred from the physiologically least differentiating, most evolutionary primitive sensory modalities to the most differentiating, most advanced, but not vice versa." (Williams 464--65) Ȥʤ롥Williams (464) ꡤŪʷƻ롥
TOUCH TO TASTE: aspre, bitter, bland, cloying, coarse, cold, cool, dry, hard, harsh, keen, mild, piquant, poignant, sharp, smooth.
TOUCH TO COLOR: dull, light, warm.
TOUCH TO SOUND: grave, heavy, rough, smart, soft.
TASTE TO SMELL: acrid, sour, sweet.
TASTE TO SOUND: brisk, dulcet.
DIMENSION TO COLOR: full.
DIMENSION TO SOUND: acute, big, deep, empty, even, fat, flat, high, hollow, level, little, low, shallow, thick.
COLOR TO SOUND: bright, brilliant, clear, dark, dim, faint, light, vivid.
SOUND TO COLOR: quiet, strident.
Ullmann ΥޥɻͤĴˤ⸫줿褦ˡ㳰ʤ櫓ǤϤʤWilliams (464) ϡʲ㳰ꥹȤƤ롥
TOUCH TO DIMENSION: crisp.
TOUCH TO SMELL: hot, pungent.
TASTE TO TOUCH: eager, tart.
TASTE TO COLOR: austere, mellow.
DIMENSION TO TASTE: thin.
DIMENSION TO TOUCH: small.
SOUND TO TASTE: loud.
SOUND TO TOUCH: shrill.
Williams ϡβ˱褦ɽϡˤ뤬Τ83--99%ǤȽҤ٤Ƥ롥ޤǹ⤤ΨǤСʤȤⷹȤϸƤ٤뤷ˤϰˡ§˶ᤤΤȤߤʤƤ⺹٤ʤ
Williams (470--72) ϡβڤ¾ˤƤϤޤϤȸǤꡤºݤܸζɽˤĤơع٤ܸüԥեޥȤѤơƱ91%ȤΨʤǧƤ롥
ΰ̣žѤβ⤬̣1Ĥϡ̳ (smell) ɤͤޤǤȤȤ̳ФžѤϤʤȤȤˤʤ뤬ϰˤܸˤ뤳ȤǤ롥ޤtouch -> taste -> smell ˤĤƤСꥹȥƥ쥹̣ (taste) üʿ (touch) ǤȹͤȤȶ礤̣ (taste) ̳ (smell) ȶᤤԤԤѸߤФƤȲ᤹뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤ (Williams 472) ŪʶɽȡʲؤȤʿܤʤ顤Williams (473) ϤҤ٤Ƥ롥
Though I do not suggest that Fig. 1 represents more than chronological sequence, the 'dead-end' appearance of the olfactory sense is a striking visual metaphor for the evolutionary history of man's sensory development.
ʸκǸǡWilliams (473--74) ϡְ̣ˡ§ס[2014-02-16-1]ε#1756. ̣Ѳˡ§餷ΡפȡˤؤμƤ롥
. . . what is offered here constitutes not only a description of a rule-governed semantic change through the last 1200 years of English---a regularity that qualifies for lawhood, as the term LAW has ordinarily been used in historical linguistics---but also as a testable hypothesis in regard to past or future changes in any language.
Williams, Joseph M. "Synaethetic Adjectives: A Possible Law of Semantic Change." Language 52 (1976): 461--78.
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