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#473. ̣ѲŵŪʥѥ ([2010-08-13-1])#2060. ̣Ѹ콸ˤߤ̣Ѳʬ ([2014-12-17-1])#2102. Ѹˤˤ̣γȽ̾ ([2015-01-28-1]) ʤɤǡŪʰ̣ѲߤƤȤ櫓ɤγˤФƤ̣Ѳ4ϡ[2010-08-13-1]Ǽ夲̲ (generalization)ü첽 (specialization) (pejoration)ɲ (amelioration) Ǥ롥ŪʬǤϡǽ2ĤؼоݤϰϤγ̾Ȥ denotation μ˴ؤꡤ2ĤŪɾιȤ connotation μ˴ؤäƤ롥2ĤμΤߤǥѥäڤڤ̣ɤƤΤ̣ѲȤФ4郎ɬڤ롥
Τʬ䤹ǤϤ뤬4ΤˤƤϤޤʤ̣ѲϿ¿ǧƤꡤФȽˤ餵ƤΤ¤Ǥ롥㤨С̾Ǥ count one's beads ˤ beads (cf. #1873. Stern ˤ̣Ѳ7ʬ ([2014-06-13-1])) ηФ̣Ѳϡ4Τˤ⤢ƤϤޤʤŪϡޤŪǤʤϳ줬¿ȤȽȤʤޤ̣Ѳü첽Ǥ⤢갭Ǥ⤢ʤɤΤ褦ˡ2ĤζʬƱˤƤϤޤäƤޤ⾯ʤʤϡΤ꤬뤳ȤʪäƤ롥
⤦1ĤȽȤơ̲䰭ʤɤѸϡΰ̣ѲˤAȿBȤỤ̄뤤ϴỤ̄бط̾դŪʥ٥ˤȤɤޤäƤ롤ȤΤ롥ºݤˤϰ̣ѲΤΤưŪʲǤꡤΤꤿΤϤβɤΤ褦ʤΤǤ뤫ǤϤˤĤƾ嵭Υ٥ϲⶵƤʤȡʴϢȤơ#2101. Williams ΰ̣Ѳ ([2015-01-27-1]) ȡ
ŦȽԤ1ͤǤ Fortson (650) ϡưŪʲȤʬ (reanalysis) ˤۤʤʤǸ롥ʬϤϸѼԤοŪʲǤꡤ켫ȡ°ʸ˰¸ȤǼҲŪӤӤƤ롥äơѲΰ̣ߤ˴طŤͼϡ4ĤۤɤγǰǤޤȤۤñǤϤʤष¿ͤʤϤǤ롥λ¤ʤƤޤǡ경ŪΩʤFortson (652) μĥϼ̤Ǥ롥
. . . a fundamental flaw of most categorizations of semantic change is that they rest upon the assumption that an old meaning becomes the new meaning, that there is some real connection between the two. As these and other examples show, however, this assumption is false; a connection between the new and old meanings is illusory. The set of meanings in a speaker's head is created afresh just like all the other components of the grammar. It may legitimately be asked how it is, then, that one can seem so often to find a connection between an old and a new meaning. In the case of metonymic change, the question makes little sense. Metonymic changes are so infinitely diverse precisely because . . . the connections are not linguistic; they are cultural. This has in some sense always been known, but when metonymic extension is defined in terms of an "association" of a word becoming the word's new meaning, we can easily forget that the "association" in question is not linguistic in nature.
Fortson ϡ̣ѲΥᥫ˥ˤΤϺʬϤȤϢ³ŪʲǤǤƤꡤŪ˼ĥƤ̣Ѳˤ̣Ϣ³ꤷƤ롥Fortson ΤθϸѲλҶײΩӤƤꡤ줬ɤޤΤϤ狼ʤŪʰ̣Ѳ˲ʤΤȤФ1ĤƤƤ롥
Fortson IV, Benjamin W. "An Approach to Semantic Change." Chapter 21 of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Ed. Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda. Blackwell, 2003. 648--66.
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