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2015-09-13 Sun

#2330. 13--14󥰥ɤˡΧޤλѸ [law_french][register][anglo-norman][french][bilingualism][latin][norman_conquest][reestablishment_of_english]

Υޥ (norman_conquest) Υ󥰥ɤǤϡˡΧϢѤʣäˡΧθȰˤäƤ⡤񤭸դäդȤä (mode of discourse) Ȥѥ᡼⤢äˡʸȽϿʸƬʤɤȤäξ (field of discourse) Ȥѥ᡼⤢äѸϡɥȤǤϰۤʤäƤ⤷ʤȽεˤäƤѰۤƤǽ롥ơȤȤˡƥե󥹸ءƥե󥹸ѸؤȤĬή⤢äѸˤˡΧʬǤ塦ʩѸλȤʬμ֤ϡĤ줿˴Ťơ餫ˤ뤳Ȥϲǽ¿οɬפȤʤ롥
#1443. ˡΧѸˤƱ ([2013-04-09-1]) Ƭ˵褦ˡάȤƤϡ13ˤϥƥäƥե󥹸줬ˡΧطɽˤͥȤʤäƤ椯ե󥹸ˡʸˤƤƥȶ礤14ˤͥȤʤ롥15ˤϡLaw French Law English ˽˼äƤ椯˻ޤǥե󥹸ΰ仺ϼѤ줿פȹͤƤ褤Brand ϡˡΧޤäλѰʬǡ13--14󥰥ɤˡΧޤλѸĴƤ롥
Υޥ塤ˡΧطʸˤƥƥ줬Ǥ̤θǤäȤϴְ㤤ʤȽѤˤĤƤϤɤäΤBrand (66) ϡHenry II (1133--89) ΩȽΩ餫顤ǤλѸϱѸǤϤʤե󥹸äȤߤƤ롥

It seems much more likely that French had been the language of the royal courts from the very beginning of the system of central royal courts established by Henry II and that French was their language because in that period it was the first language of the men appointed as royal justices and of many of the litigants. French seems then to have remained the language of the courts in part because of cultural conservatism, the absence of any really compelling reason for changing accepted practice; in part because there were advantages to the professional elite who came to dominate legal practice in using a language which needed to be learned and mastered by outsiders and which enhance their mystique; in part also because the courts had developed a technical French vocabulary that was not easily translatable into English.


Ǥϡ#661. 12󥰥ɿͤäդȽ񤭸ա ([2011-02-17-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡǤ12ȾˤϥΥޥϵ²ޤ।󥰥ɹ̱¿ѸȤƤȹͤ뤬ˡΧȽȤŪʻѰˤƤϡե󥹸ѤŪ˻³ƤȤꤵƤ롥
1314ˤƤ³षȯŸ餷ե󥹸ˡʸˤƥƥȶ礷1275ǯ˽ƥե󥹸ˤŪꤵ줿ˡʸ񤬸ȡ1300ǯʹߡե󥹸 "the language of the future in 1300 for English legal instruction" (Brand 72) Ȥʤä
ե󥹸αɸĹ³ʤä14ȾФˤϡ#324. IJˡDZѸѤǧ줿ǯ ([2010-03-17-1]) #131. Ѹ ([2009-09-05-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡѸ줬ˡΧʬؤ⿯ƤǤ롥
Brand (75--76) ϡ1314Ⱦˤơե󥹸줬ˡΧʬѤ줿ˤĤơΤ褦󤷤Ƥ롥

The languages of English law in the thirteenth and fourteenth century were primarily Latin and French. Latin was and remained the language of formal record at all levels of the court hierarchy. It was also the language of some of the thirteenth-century instructional literature of English law and even perhaps of some of the actual instruction. Its status as the language of formal legislation appears to have gone unchallenged prior to the last quarter of the thirteenth century but thereafter was increasingly challenged by the Anglo-Norman French of the common lawyers. Anglo-Norman French was the language actually used in pleading not just in the royal courts but also in county and city courts and came to be the invariable language of the law reports which recorded such pleading and which were also used to teach the following generation of law students. Anglo-Norman was also the language of oral legal instruction and of the legal literature which grew out of such instruction and of some other instructional literature as well. Anglo-Norman may always have been the language for the drafting and discussion of legislation but was also from 1275 onwards one of the two languages used for the formal enactment of legislation as well. The third language used in thirteenth- and early-fourteenth-century England, English, is little in evidence here. It may have been used in the local proclamation of legislation, but it was not for the most part one of the written languages used in legal contexts.


ϢơLaw French ˤĤƤϡ#336. Law French ([2010-03-29-1]) ڤ law_french γƵ򻲾Ȥ줿

Brand, Paul. "The languages of the Law in Later Medieval England." Multilingualism in Later Medieval Britain. Ed. D. A. Trotter. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2000. 63--76.

Referrer (Inside): [2015-10-02-1] [2015-09-17-1]

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