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űѸ줫Ѹˤơ̾ʸư̾-ing ȸʬ -inde (or -ende or -ande) ŪͻŪʺФȤϡε#2421. ʬư̾ζƯŪȯã ([2015-12-13-1]) Dz⤷ȤǤ롥ŪˡѸʹߡ-ing Ȥͣη֤ư̾줪Ӹʬξǽ̤ƤȤˤʤä
Ѹˤơ嵭 -ing -inde ˲ä -en(ne) ⲻŪʺ˻ͿƤΤǤϤʤȤ롥θϤ夤첻ȼ夤ɡħŤ졤ʬ -inde d æ뷹äꤹ (cf. #2121. Ѹˤˤ /t/ æ ([2015-02-16-1])) Τˤ٤Ƥ /-ən/ ۤɤ˼̤Ƥޤäǽ롥Mustanoja (569--70) ϡθκˤޤؤˤĤơʤҤ٤Ƥ롥
One has to take into consideration . . . certain phonological and morphological processes which seem to have brought about a confusion between the verbal noun, the present participle, and the infinitive. . . . [T]he present participle occasionally ends in -en instead of -end, as in he saȝ þe roke And þe brinfires stinken smoke (Gen. & Ex. 1164), probably also in þat heo heora wil-daȝes wælden weoren (Lawman A 1799), and the inflected infinitive may end in -ende, as in to flende (Lawman B, to fleonne, A) and suffraunce may aswagend hem (Patience 3; cf. also Purity 1291). In the North and N Midlands, in the 15th century even in the South, -ng may occur as -n (e.g., drynkyn for drynkyng, Norfolk Gilds). Cf. also unknowen for unknowyng (Deonise 5, MS Kk) and, conversely, I am moche beholdyng [for beholden] unto hym (Malory MD 86).
While admitting that the examples here given are uneven with regard to their chronology and dialectal distribution, it is difficult to believe that this confusion of forms did not bring the noun in -ing into close connection with the present participle and the infinitive and thus promote its use as the gerund.
ϤޤϲŪʼ岽ȤʾäΤ⤷ʤ줬Ūͻ߽Ф쵡ǽξͶȯȤʥꥪΤǤСޤ˸첻μ岽ޤοƤӡSVOؤθȤѸ˾ΥʥߥåѲ⤦1ĤλȤʤ롥ѲˤƤϡΤ褦ˡְưפȤ롥
Mustanoja εƤǤϿʤ嵭ɾˤϡƱͻäȽɬפ
Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.
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