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hellog¡Á±Ñ¸ì»Ë¥Ö¥í¥° / 2019-08-30

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2019-08-30 Fri

¢£ #3777. set, put, cut ¤Î¤Û¤«¤Ë¤â¤¢¤Ã¤¿ÌµÊѲ½³èÍÑ¤ÎÆ°»ì [verb][conjugation][inflection][-ate][analogy][conversion][adjective][participle][conversion]

¡¡set, put, cut ¤ÎÎत¤Î̵ÊѲ½³èÍÑ¤ÎÆ°»ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡Ö#1854. ̵ÊѲ½³èÍÑ¤ÎÆ°»ì set -- set -- set, etc.¡× ([2014-05-25-1])¡¤¡Ö#1858. ̵ÊѲ½³èÍÑ¤ÎÆ°»ì set -- set -- set, etc. (2)¡× ([2014-05-29-1]) ¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Æ¤­¤¿¡¥¤½¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¤³¤ì¤é¤Îư»ì¤Î¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤¬¡¤±Ñ¸ì¤Î²»±¤·ÁÂÖÏÀ¤ÎÎò»Ë¤Ë¾È¤é¤»¤Ð¡¤¤¢¤ëÄøÅÙÀâÆÀÎϤΤ¢¤ëÀâÌÀ¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¤ß¤¿¡¥
¡¡¸ì´´Ëö¤Ë t ¤ä d ¤¬¸½¤ï¤ì¤ëñ²»Àá¸ì¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤¬¤³¤ì¤é¤Îư»ì¤Î¶¦Ä̹à¤À¤¬¡¤Îò»ËŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¾ò·ï¤òËþ¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸Â¤ê¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¤¤Û¤«¤Îư»ì¤âƱÍͤË̵ÊѲ½³èÍѤò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡¥¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¤fast, fret, lift, start, waft ¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¥Jespersen (36) ¤«¤é°úÍÑÎã¤òºÆ¸½¤·¤è¤¦¡¥

   4.42. The influence of analogy has increased the number of invariable verbs. Especially verbs ending in -t tend in this direction. The tendency perhaps culminated in early ModE, when several words now regular had unchanged forms, sometimes side by side with forms in -ed:
   fast. Sh Cymb IV. 2.347 I fast and pray'd for their intelligense. || fret. More U 75 fret prt. || lift (from ON). AV John 8.7 hee lift vp himselfe | ib 8.10 when Iesus had lift vp himselfe (in AV also regular forms) | Mi PL 1. 193 With Head up-lift above the wave | Bunyan P 19 lift ptc. || start. AV Tobit 2.4 I start [prt] vp. || waft. Sh Merch. V. 1.11 Stood Dido .. and waft her Loue To come again to Carthage | John II. 1.73 a brauer choice of dauntlesse spirits Then now the English bottomes haue waft o're.


¡¡Jespersen ¤Î¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤¤³¤ì¤é¤ÏÎò»ËŪ¤Ë¡¤¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï²»±¤ÊѲ½¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤­¤ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î̵ÊѲ½Æ°»ì¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤ê¤Ï¡¤¤¢¤¯¤Þ¤Ç set ¤Ê¤É´û¸¤ÎÎò»ËŪ¤Ê̵ÊѲ½Æ°»ì¤Ë¿¨È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¡¤Îà¿äºîÍÑ (analogy) ¤Î·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤ÆÀ¸¤¸¤¿ÌµÊѲ½Æ°»ì¤È¤ß¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¤í¤¦¡¥¤½¤ÎÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï2¼¡Åª¤Ê̵ÊѲ½Æ°»ì¤È¸Æ¤ó¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡¥¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¸½Âå¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤Ïɸ½à±Ñ¸ì¤«¤é¤Ï¾Ã¤¨¤¿¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨¡¤½ÅÍ×À­¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡¥¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¤¤½¤ì¤é¤¬¿·¤¿¤ÊÎà¿ä¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¡¤¼¡¤Ê¤ëÎà¿ä¤ò¸Æ¤ó¤À²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡¥¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¤¸ì´´¤¬ -t ¤Ç½ª¤ï¤ë¤¬¡¤½¾Íè¤Î¸ì¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëñ²»Àá¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥²¥ë¥Þ¥ó·ÏͳÍè¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ë¤¹¤é¡¤Æ±¸½¾Ý¤¬³ÈÄ¥¤·¤¿¤ÈÌܤµ¤ì¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡¥¤³¤³¤ÇǰƬ¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¤²áµî¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¤â¼è¤ê¤¢¤²¤¿ -ate ư»ì¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ê¡Ö#3764. ư»ìÀÜÈø¼­ -ate ¤Îµ¯¸»¤Èȯã¡× ([2019-08-17-1]) ¤ò»²¾È¡Ë¡¥
¡¡Æ±¤¸¤¯ Jespersen (36--37) ¤è¤ê¡¤¤³¤Î»Ý¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë²Õ½ê¤ò°úÍѤ·¤è¤¦¡¥

4.43. It was thus not at all unusual in earlier English for a ptc in -t to be = the inf. The analogy of these cases was extended even to a series of words of Romantic origin, namely such as go back to Latin passive participle, e. g. complete, content, select, and separate. These words were originally adopted as participles but later came to be used also as infinitives; in older English they were frequently used in both functions (as well as in the preterit), often with an alternative ptc. in -ed; . . . A contributory cause of their use as verbal stems may have been such Latin agent-nouns as corruptor and editor; as -or is identical in sound with -er in agent-nouns, the infinitives corrupt and edit may have been arrived at merely through subtraction of the ending -or . . . . Finally, the fact that we have very often an adj = a vb, e. g. dry, empty, etc . . ., may also have contributed to the creation of infs out of these old ptcs (adjectives).


¡¡°úÍѤθåȾ¤Ç¡¤Îà¿ä¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤¬¤Û¤«¤Ë¤â2¤Ä¤¢¤ëÅÀ¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¢¤ë¡¥corruptor, editor ¥¿¥¤¥×¤«¤é¤ÎµÕÀ® (back_formation)¡¤¤ª¤è¤Ó dry, empty ¥¿¥¤¥×¤Îư»ì¡¦·ÁÍÆ»ì·óÍѤÎñ¸ì¤Î¸ºß¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¥¡Ö#1748. -er or -or¡× ([2014-02-08-1])¡¤¡Ö#438. ·ÁÍÆ»ì¤ÎÈæ³Óµé¤«¤éư»ì¤Ø¤Îž´¹¡× ([2010-07-09-1]) ¤â»²¾È¡¥

¡¡¡¦ Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part VI. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1942.

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