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2021-06-27 Sun

#4444. Ѹĺ15 [dutch][flemish][low_german][contact][loan_word][borrowing]

ƤαѸ˳ǤϡDutch, Flemish, Afrikaans, Low German ʤɤ (the Low Countries) ν줫μѸˤĤơ¿εҤ롥ƥ졤ťΥɸ졤ե󥹸줫μѸ٤еϤƶ⤺äȾᡤޤǥޥŪʰ֤ŤˤȤɤޤ롥
Ȥ򺣤αѸ˸ǤϡΤ褦˲ᾮɾƤ¤ơϽȤθܿѶŪɾ褦ȤޤäƤƤ롥
ܥ֥ǤϡϢ뵭Ȥưʲ񤤤Ƥ

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ϡOED ѤϽ줫μѸ"once-Dutch words" ȾΤƤˤĴ den Otter ˰͵򤷤 Hendriks (1667) ꡤ13--17˱ѸäƤѸΥץ򼨤

13th century:
   asquint, bouse, gewgaw, muster, pack, scour, scum, slight, slip, slop, welter, wiggle

14th century:
   bale, bundle, clamp, clock, fraught, grim, groove, keel, kit, mate, miller, north-north-east, north-north-west, rack, rover, school, scoop, slipper, slap, sled, spike, splint, splinter, tear, wainscot, wig, wind

15th century:
   brake, cabbage, cooper, cope, cramer, dapper, deck, excise, freight, gold, graft, hackle, hop, leak, lighter, luck, marline, mart, meerkat, misdeal, mud, nappy, pace, peg, pickle, pink, pip, rack, rumple, rutter, scout, scuttle, slip, sod, stripe, stuff, tattle, warble, whirl

16th century:
   aloof, anker, beleaguer, boor, boss, bumpkin, burgomaster, bush, cashier, clump, cramp, dike-grave, dock, dollar, domineer, drawl, ensconce, filibuster, flute, foist, forlorn hope, free-booter, frolic, gripe, gruff, jerkin, kermis, landscape, lazy, manikin, mesh, pad, pickle-herring, pram, push, rant, rash, reef, safflower, sconce, scone, scrabble, scrub, shoal, slap, snap, sniff, snuff, snuffle, span, spatter, stake, steady, stump, stutter, tattoo, uproar, wagon, wagoner, yacht

17th century:
   back, balk, beer, blaze, boom, brandy, clank, cruise, cruiser, decoy, drill, duck, easel, enlist, etch, furlogh, gas, gherkin, hovel, hustle, kill, kink, knapsack, masterpiece, morass, outlander, plug, polder, skate, sketch, slim, slurp, smack, smuggle, smuggler, snow, snuff, speck, still life, stink-pot, stoker, tea, trigger (den Otter 1990: 265--266)


den Otter Ĵˤȡޤä "once Dutch words" ο1254Ǥꡤαƶĺ15äȤ³ơ161817Ȥ֡ (Hendriks 1667) ѸȤ16--17γѸ줬¿ʥ᡼ºݤˤŪ̾졤ư졤ƻ¿ޤޤƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥

den Otter, Alice G. "Lekker Scrabbling: Discovery and Exploration of Once-Dutch Words in the Online Oxford English Dictionary." English Studies 71.3 (1990): 261--71.
Hendriks, Jennifer. "English in Contact: German and Dutch." Chapter 105 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 1659--70.

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