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2021-06-02 Wed

#4419. ּѤ˲ݤ¡4 [borrowing][contact][morphology][morpheme]

ùܤμѤϤФ뤬ʸˡܤμѤϤޤǤ롥ΤȤϡ (borrowing) ܿ (contact) εǰŪǧƤ뤳ȤʸˡܤȤäƤ͡Ǥ롥㤨СŪѤϳΤ˵Τ褦ŪѤ˻礫ʤԤΤʤǤǤ϶޷Ǥùܤ˶ᤤ˼ѻ¿Ȥ롥ޤŪäǤ롥
ʸˡѤϤɤΤ褦ʾΤȤΤˤϤɤΤ褦ʸŪ¤ݤƤΤܿǤ⤿ӤƤǡܥ֥ǤϰʲεǸڤƤ

#902. Ѥ䤹ܡ ([2011-10-16-1])
#1779. ܿ٤ȼͽ¬ɸ ([2014-03-11-1])
#1780. ܿȼѤμ١ ([2014-03-12-1])
#1781. ܿ෿ ([2014-03-13-1])
#2011. Moravcsik ˤѤ ([2014-10-29-1])
#2113. ʸˡѤξ ([2015-02-08-1])
#2067. Weinreich ˤ촳Ĥηװ ([2014-12-24-1])
#4410. ܿη̤˴ؤ礭ʸޡ ([2021-05-24-1])

Winford (93--96) ϡWeinreich, Heath, Thomason and Kaufman ʤɤԸ򻲾Ȥʤ顤ּѤ˲ݤ¤Ȥ4󤲤Ƥ롥

Morphological constraint 1 (borrowing):
   The greater the congruence between morphological structures across languages in contact, the greater the ease of borrowing.
   . . . .
Morphological constraint 2 (borrowing):
   The greater the degree of transparency of a morpheme, the greater the likelihood of its diffusion. By contrast, the more opaque (complex, bound, phonologically reduced) a morpheme is, the less likely it is to be borrowed.
   . . . .
Morphological constraint 3 (borrowing):
   The existence of gaps in the morphemic inventory of a recipient language facilitates the importation of new morphemes and functional categories from a source language.
   . . . .
Morphological constraint 4 (borrowing):
   The lack of a functional category in a source language may lead to loss of a similar category in a recipient language


ԸǤǤ˻ŦƤ4Ȥǡ̤Ϥ褯ʤäƤ롥򤵤2ˤޤ󤹤С2֤ι¤Ūפȡָ naturalnessפ˹Ԥ夯

Winford, Donald. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003.
Weinreich, Uriel. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. New York: Publications of the Linguistic Circle of New York, 1953. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.
Heath, Jeffrey. Linguistic Diffusion in Arnhem Land. Australian Aboriginal Studies: Research and Regional Studies 13. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1978.
Thomason, Sarah Grey and Terrence Kaufman. Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: U of California P, 1988.

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