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2009-12-21 Mon

#238. Ѹˤˤ causation ɵ [ame][historiography][causation]

ŵŪʥꥫѸˤ Krapp ϡꥫѸȯꥫͤε˵Ȥ¯ФäڤΤƤƤ롥ꥫѸü߽ФװϺǽŪˤϤɤ˵ϤȤǧĤĤ⡤ΤȤȽǤʤΤ顤ʳηѾ ( inheritance )ʤꥹѸ줫ΰ仺ȤߤʤΤ˲ȤȤƸ٤ǤϤʤȤˤˤ֤ʤפɵ椹 causation εˤơǽŪʸͤߤ뤳Ȥ񤷤Τꤦ¤ʸŪڵ򤫤äȤ⤢ꤽʷѾβΩƤƵҤ褦ȤʳŪ٤ƩŰƤ롥

Especially in speech covering short chronological periods, as is the case in comparing British and American speech, one may more hopefully look to inheritance than to ultimate causes in seeking to account for the traits which present themselves. Inheritance obviously will not explain everything, since what is inherited must ultimately have had a determining cause, must have had an origin; but if one cannot discover ultimate origins, the historia, at least, can content himself with transmissions. (Vol. 2, 22--23)


If one did not fear to affirm a universal positive, one might say that in every case the distinctive features of American pronunciation have been but survivals from older usages with were, and in some instances still are, to be found in some dialect or other of the speech of England. (Vol. 2, 28)


The student who would explain American speech as derived from British speech has an inexhaustible store of variations to draw upon, and it is only when the probabilities in all directions have been exhausted that one may turn to the theory of independent and original development of speech sounds in America. (Vol. 2, 29)


ΤȤ Krapp ϡꥫѸ򥤥ꥹѸαĹ˰֤ŤƤꡤꥫ ( the American language ) ǧʤΩǤ롥⤦ĤΥꥫѸˤθŵ The American Language Mencken Ȥ٤ۤʤ롥

Krapp, George Philip. English Language in America. 2 vols. New York: Century, 1925.
Mencken, H. L. The American Language. Abridged ed. New York: Knopf, 1963. 194.

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