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2013-07-06 Sat

#1531. pidgin creole ʬ [pidgin][creole][map][geography][world_languages][tok_pisin][caribbean]

ˤ뤬100ʾΥԥ䥯쥪줬ŪѤƤȤ롥ʤˤ200ͤĶüԤʤ Tok Pisin Τ褦ʳȯʸ⤢롥ºݡTok Pisin ʿΤˤθǤ롥Ѹ lexifier Ȥ#463. Ѹ١Υԥȥ쥪ΰ ([2010-08-03-1]) ˤĤƤϤǤܥ֥ǸڤĤƤαƶϤͽ̤ۤꡤѸ١ΤΤǤ¿
Romain (170--73) Ͽޤ򻲾Ȥ lexifier ̤˥ԥȥ쥪θĿ夲ȡѸ줬35ե󥹸줬14ݥȥ줬9ڥ줬3줬3¾θ줬26Ȥʤ롥 * *
˻ߤΥԥȥ쥪ʬहΤˡ嵭Τ褦˸ä󶡤Ƥ졤ʤ superstratum θȤˡ뤬ۤϰȤʬ⤢롥Ūʬۤδԥ䥯쥪礭2ʬȡηʿηȤʬ롥Romain (174--75) Ѥ褦

Creolists recognize two major groups of languages, the Atlantic and the Pacific, according to historical, geographic, and linguistic factors. The Atlantic group was established primarily during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the Caribbean and West Africa, while the Pacific group originated primarily in the nineteenth. The Atlantic creoles were largely products of the slave trade in West Africa which dispersed large numbers of West Africans to the Caribbean. Varieties of Caribbean creoles have also been transplanted to the United Kingdom by West Indian immigrants, as well as to the USA and Canada. The languages of the Atlantic share a West African common substrate and display many common features . . . . / In the Pacific different languages formed the substratum and socio-cultural conditions were somewhat different from those in the Atlantic. Although the plantation setting was crucial for the emergence of pidgins in both areas, in the Pacific laborers were recruited and indentured rather than slaves. Apart from Hawai'i, a history of more gradual creolization has distinguished the Pacific from the Atlantic (particularly Caribbean) creoles, whose transition has been more abrupt.


Τ褦Ūʬۤˤ2ʬˡξΤʣʴط뤳Ȥ򸫤ˤƤ뤭餤뤳ȤˤդƤ㤨Сξ˶ͭƤ (savvy "to know" picanniny "child, baby") ¸ߤϡ2Ĥγޤdzθˤޤ뤳ȤϤǤʤ

Romain, Suzanne. Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Oxford: OUP, 2000.

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