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ѸüԤѸǥ벽ߤˤĤƤϡmodel_of_englishes γƵ˼夲ƤȤ櫓ŵŪʬ ENL, ESL, EFL 3ʬˤ⤦1 EBL (English as a Basal Language) ä٤Ȥܤ٤롥#1713. ƤαѸBay Islands ([2014-01-04-1]) ȡ#1714. ƤαѸBluefields Puerto Limon ([2014-01-05-1]) ǻȤ Lipski ʸɤǤȤ˽вäLipski (204) ϡΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
In offering a classification of societies where English is used, Moag suggests, in addition to the usual English as a native/second/foreign language, a new category: English as a Basal Language, defined for a society in which "English is the mother tongue of a minority group of a larger populace whose native tongue, often Spanish, is clearly the dominant language of the society as a whole." . . . . Moag's typology is undoubtedly useful and underlines the necessity for expanding the currently accepted typologies to accommodate such situations as the CAmE groups.
ǡѤƤ Moag ʸäƤߤMoag (14) ˤȡEBL ȤƻؼϰˤϼΤ褦ʤΤȤArgentina, Costa Rica (Jamaican Blacks), Dominican Republic (Samaná), Honduras (Coast and Bay Islands), Mexico (Mormon Colonístas), Nicaragua (Meskito Coast), Panama, San Andres (Columbia), St. Maarten (Netherlands Antilles) .
EBL κħϡˤ⤢ȤꡤɤȤƤαѸѤˤ롥ɤαѸüԶƱΤ¿ɤΥڥüԶƱΤܤ餷ƤȤޤΥǥǤϡΤ褦ʼҲŪˤ줿ѸѼŬڤ˰֤Ť뤳ȤǤʤäȤΤϡ3ʬǤϡѸϾ˼ҲŪ˸ҤǤȤŤ˴ޤޤƤENL ǤϡʤѸüԤ¿ɤʤΤǡѸμҲŪʰ괶ϳݤƤ롥ESL EFL Ǥ⡤ŪŪ lingua franca ȤƤαѸϳͥݥƥɾƤʿ̱ϼؤȿʤɤˤ㳰Ϥ뤬Moag (36) ˤ褦ˡ¿ξϰŪʤΤǤȹͤˡȤ嵭ϰǤϡѸϾɸȤ¿ɸˤäƼɤƤꡤˤϤüԤˤäƤͥƥɾͿƤΤǤüԤˤͥƥɾϡαѸѼ郎ɸŪѼȤϥ쥪벽ѼǤȤˤФеˡ
Ѹ줬üԤˤäƤɾͿƤȤҲŪϡҤȤǥΤʤ˴ޤɬפơENL, ESL, EFL, EBL 4ʬȤǥ뤬Ƥ뤳ȤȤʤäMoag (12--13) Ǥϡ4̤Τ26κ٤ȽǴߤƤ롥Moag ʸ30ǯʾΤΤʤΤǡEBL ϰפκǿθΤꤿȤǤϤ롥
Lipski, John M. "English-Spanish Contact in the United States and Central America: Sociolinguistic Mirror Images?" Focus on the Caribbean. Ed. M. Görlach and J. A. Holm. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1986. 191--208.
Moag, Rodney. "English as a Foreign, Second, Native and Basal Language." New Englishes. Ed. John Pride. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 1982. 11--50.
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