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2014-01-06 Mon

#1715. Ireland ˤѸ [irish][ireland][irish_english][history][map]

Fennell (198--200) 󤹤ǡɤˤѸѤˤˤĤάҤ롥ɤˤѸαƶŪ˵Ҥǡפʻ3Ĥ롥1Ĥϡɤ˥󥰥Υޥ󷳤 Henry II (1133--89) μ1171ǯǤ롥ΤȤˤϱѸϰҿ줺˥ɸüԤˤꥢɲƤޤä1366ǯ Statutes of Kilkenny ˤѸϰ̤䶯ܺʤ줿̤ϽФʤä1550ǯ˽פؤȿȯ顤ץƥȤħѸФƥȥåħ륢ɸȤޤФ졤16桤ɤˤѸΩä  *
³17--18ϡѸαƶ˴ؤ2ȤƽפʻȤʤäλ󥰥ɿͤϥץơߤ뤳Ȥˤꥢɤ̱ϲ18ˤϥɤԻǤϱѸΰҿޤꡤɤλؤҿƱѸؤ֤褦ˤʤäΩưä1790ǯˤϡǤ¿ΥɿͤѸäޤǤˤʤäƤ
Ūʱƶڤܤ3ϡ1800ǯϢˡ (Act of Union) ˤꥢɤꥹʻ礵ưʹߤλǤ롥ѸϰҿξħȤʤꡤȿФ˥ɸȯŸ˸Ȱռ褦ˤʤä²λϻҶ򥤥󥰥ɤäƶ餹ޤǤˤʤä20ˤ J. P. Synge, Sean O'Casey, W. B. Yeats ʤɤɱѸˤʸسưᡤѸΰҿϤ˹ޤä1800ǯλǤϥɿ͸βȾɸȤƤ1851ǯˤϤΨ23%ޤǸ1900ǯˤ5%ˤޤƤ1900ǯˤϡ¤85%Ķ͸ѸñüԤȤʤäƤΤǤ롥19˱ѸüΨäطʤȤơ4Ĥװͤ (Fennell 199)

(1) the expansion of the railways out from English-speaking Dublin and Belfast;
(2) the spread of education, first in unofficial 'hedge' schools and then in the national schools from 1831, where English was promoted and the use of Irish actively discouraged;
(3) dramatic demographic change caused by famine and the massive emigration to America and other countries from 1830 to 1850. The famine particularly decimated the Irish-speakers in the west of Ireland, possibly halving the number of speakers.
(4) the association of English with progress, modernization and an international voice. . . . [E]ven nationalist politicians in Ireland preached their message in English, in the knowledge that it would bring them a wider audience.


1916ǯΥ˪θˤʤäơɸ줬ɤΥǥƥƥȤƤߤʤ褦ˤʤäѸδפϤǤФȤʤäƤߤ⡤ɤEUˤΩϱѸȤƤΩäƤ뤷Dublin ιԻԤȤƤ̾ѸäƤȤ⤤ΤǤ롥

Fennell, Barbara A. A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.

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