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2015-01-25 Sun

#2099. fault l [etymological_respelling][spelling][pronunciation][dialect][johnson]

#192. etymological respelling (2) ([2009-11-05-1]) ΥꥹȤˤȤꡤѸ fault ֻ l ޤޤƤΤϸ츻ŪֻˤΤǤ롥츻ŪֻŵŪˤϽѸΥƥǮιޤäν껺Ȥ뤬¤Ϥäᤤ⾯ʤʤfault 14 Gower ((a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3) 6.286) "As I am drunke of that I drinke, So am I ek for falte of drinke." ȤƽФ롥ºߤΥƥñľܤεȤϤʤ *fallitum ΩƤƤ롥ե󥹸Ǥ15--17 faute faulte ηǸƤ롥Ѹ l ޤֻɸȤʤäΤ17ʹߤȯˤ /l/ εưϤǰꤷʤä
OED ˤȡ17--18 Pope Swift ˤ fault thought wrought ȵӱƧǤȤ1855ǯ Johnson μˤ "The l is sometimes sounded, and sometimes mute. In conversation it is generally suppressed." ս񤭤롥fault Ȼ褦ʴĶˤ l ϡؼԤˤȤäƤμä褦ǡͻҤ Dobson (Vol. 2, 425. fn. 5) 褯Ƥ롥

Balm, calm, palm, almond, falcon, salmon, &c. should by etymology have no [l], being from OF baume, &c., and normally are recorded without [l]. But some of them had 'learned' OF forms, adopted directly from Latin, which retained [l] . . ., and others came to be spelt with l partly on etymological grounds and partly on the model of psalm, &c., spelt with but pronounced without l; and from the OF 'learned' variants, and perhaps partly from the spelling in combination with the variation in pronunciation in psalm, &c., there arose pronunciations with ME aul, recorded by Salesbury in calm, Bullokar in almond, balm, and calm, Gil in balm (as a 'learned' variant), and Daines in calm (as a variant). . . .
   Variation between pronunciations with and without l in such native words as malt and salt has clearly aided the establishment of the spelling-pronunciations with [l] in fault and vault, in which the orthoepists regularly show the l to be silent, with the following exceptions. Hart once retains l in faults, probably by error; Gil says that most omit the l, but some -pronounce it, and twice gives transcriptions with l elsewhere (in Luick's copy of the 1619 edition a transcription faut is corrected by hand to falt); Tonkis fails to say that the l is silent, and the anonymous reviser (1684) of T. Shelton's Tachygraphy does not omit it (in contrast to this treatment of, for example, balm); and Hodges relegates to his 'near alike' list the paring of fault and fought. Bullokar twice transcribes vault without l, but once retains it.


fault ˤĤƶܤܤȡEnglish Dialect Dictionary ˤϡ"FAULT, sb. and v. Var. dial. uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Amer. Also in forms faut Sc. Ir. n.Yks.2 e.Yks. n.Lin.1 War. Shr.1 2 Som. w.Som.1; faute Sc.; fowt Suf. [folt, fat, f$t, fout.]" ȵܤƤꡤ¿ l ʤη֤ʬۤƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥
ɸѸȯ /fɔːlt/ ǰꤷƤꡤ̾ϲռʤɸफܤ򤽤餻Сˤ̤ʪ줬äƤ롥fault 츻Ūֻݤ;ȤϡϤޤäƤä⡤Τ³ƤΤǤ롥

Dobson, E. J. English Pronunciation 1500--1700. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Oxford: OUP, 1968.

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