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2017-01-22 Sun

#2827. PC [political_correctness][sociolinguistics][politeness][history]

Ūʻ򤨤 Hughes ˤ Political Correctness θɤ political_correctness ȤäƤ⡤ϤƤʤΰʤҲؾǤ뤳ȤǤŪʰ̣Ǥ PC ˤϤޤǯʤʥϤ餯äȸŤˤޤ̤뤳ȤǤȤΤϡPC ̤μҲŪǤ taboo, euphemism, politeness ȤطϤĤλǤ⡤ɤʸˤ⤢äȹͤ뤫
20ȾФϤޤäŪ PC ⡤ۤĹʤˤΤʤǡκߤ򾯤ʤ餺ѤƤHughes (3--4) ϡΥȥǡPC ǯ֤ PC θ̤ˤĤơΤ褦󤷤Ƥ롥

Linguistically it started as a basically idealistic, decent-minded, but slightly Puritanical intervention to sanitize the language by suppressing some of its uglier prejudicial features, thereby undoing some past injustices or "leveling of the playing fields" with the hope of improving social relations. It is now increasingly evident in two opposing ways. The first is the expanding currency of various key words . . . , some of a programmatic nature, such as diversity, organic, and multiculturalism. Contrariwise, it has also manifested itself in speech codes which suppress prejudicial language, disguising or avoiding certain old and new taboo topics. Most recently it has appeared in behavioral prohibitions concerning the environment and violations of animal rights. As a result of these transitions it has become a misnomer, being concerned with neither politics nor correctness as those terms are generally understood. / Political correctness inculcates a sense of obligation or conformity in areas which should be (or are) matters of choice. Nevertheless, it has had a major influence on what is regarded as "acceptable" or "appropriate" in language, ideas, behavioral norms, and values. But "doing the right thing" is, of course, an oversimplification. There is an antithesis at the core of political correctness, since it is liberal in its aims but often illiberal in its practices: hence it generates contradictions like positive discrimination and liberal orthodoxy.


PC ϤȤȤϽʺűѤۼȯưäHughes ϡη̤Ȥơ(1) diversity ¾βͤ魯ɤ˹ޤäȡ(2) ֡Ȥնɽ͡ΰ˳礷Ƥäȡ󤲤Ƥ롥Ԥ˴ؤƤϡޤΰ褬礷ơϤΰ̣ǤΡפˤָפˤľܴطʤΤޤǤ⤬PC ȤŪѸΤȤ˴ޤ褦ˤʤäƤޤäۤɤǤ롥
ѤθȾλŦ̣ĹǤ롥νȯäʺűѤλۤPC βĤơ"positive discrimination" (or "affirmative action") "liberal orthodoxy" ãƤޤäȤ̷ΤȤۤȤƤμͳ¤ȤƤ«˻äƤޤäȤˤʤ롥
ϳΤǤꡤPC Фͳ⤳ˤΤȻפΤ褦ŪɾäǤԽʬ餯 PC ȤưΤΤͳ«ξ¦̤ǽ餫񤷤ƤΤǤ롥ǯ֤ PC ư̤ơλ¤⤭ĦˤʤäƤȲᤷ
ˤ衤PC 20Ⱦ21Ƭ˻ޤŸƤҲؾΰࡼ֥ȤǤ롥

Hughes, Geoffrey. Political Correctness: A History of Semantics and Culture. Malden, ML: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.

Referrer (Inside): [2017-01-28-1] [2017-01-27-1]

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