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#574. punctuation 4Ĥεǽ ([2010-11-22-1]) ǡCrystal αѸɴʻŵˡ (punctuation) 4ĤεǽҲ𤷤Ʊ Crystal ˡŰŪ Making a Point κǸ˶ᤤȤǡ̤ڤˡεǽ¿⤷Ƥ롥
For a long time, . . . people thought there were only two functions to punctuation: a guide to pronunciation and a guide to grammar. There are far more . . . . There is a ludic function, seen in poetry, informal letters, and many online settings where people are playing with punctuation. There is a psycholinguistic function, facilitating easy processing by writer and reader. There is a sociolinguistic function, contributing to rapport between users. There is a stylistic function, providing genres with some of their orthographic identity. (346)
ƯϡȯʸˡΥɰʳˤ⤢Ȥ㤨СͷӤȤƤζ롥ӥʤɤѤ#808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1]) ΰˤߤ褦ʡ硼ȤƤζѤʤɤ
ŪʵǽȤƤϡ㤨ʬݤˡ롼ȤƤɬ⥫ޤɬפʤǤ⡤ĹˤäƤɤβϤΤ䤹θƥޤۤ褤
ҲŪʵǽ뤤ϼҲŪʵǽȤäƤ褤⤷ʤ㤨зӥʤɤǴɽ魯 smileys ʸź뤳ȤˤäơȤδطĴԤʤ褦ʥ롥
ʸŪʵǽȤϡ㤨зӥΥƥȤͭζˡѤ뤳Ȥˤꡤ줬ӥΥƥȤȤ°뤳ȤɸȤ褦ʥؤ
ͤƤߤС϶ˡεǽǤФ꤫褽ֻεǽǤ⤢ȤäƤ褤ˡֻʸʤɤνդǤϡ줾¤¿¿ͤʵǽ̤ƤΤǤ롥
Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
Crystal, David. Making a Point: The Pernickety Story of English Punctuation. London: Profile Books, 2015.
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