hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2017-08-19

■ #3036. Lowth の禁じた語法・用法 [prescriptive_grammar][lowth]

　Tieken-Boon van Ostade の論考の補遺 (553--55) に，"LOWTH'S NORMATIVE STRICTURES" の一覧が掲げられていた．A Short Introduction to English Grammar の1762年の初版より取ってきたものである．備忘録として以下に記録しておきたい．

・ Adjectives used as adverbs (pp. 124--5)
・ As
　　　instead of relative that or which (pp. 151--2)
　　　improperly omitted, e.g. so bold to pronounce (p. 152)
・ Be for have with mutative intransitive verbs (p. 63)
・ Because expressing motive or end (instead of that) (pp. 93--4)
・ Do: scope in the sentence, e.g. Did he not fear and besought . . . (p. 117)
・ His for its (pp. 34--5)
・ Double comparatives
　　　Lesser (p. 43)
　　　Worser (p. 43)
・ Wrong degrees of comparison (easilier, highliest) (p. 91)
・ Fly for flee (p. 77)
・ -ing form
　　　him descending vs. he descending (pp. 107--8)
　　　the sending to them the light (pp. 111--13)
・ It is I
　　　Whom for who (p. 106)
・ Lay for lie (p. 76)
・ Let with subject pronoun, e.g. let thee and I (p. 117)
・ Mood: consistent use (pp. 119--20)
・ Neither sometimes included in nor (pp. 149--50)
・ Never so (p. 147)
・ Not before finite (p. 116)
・ Nouns of multitude with plural finite (p. 104)
・ Past participle forms (pp. 86--8)
　　　Sitten (pp. 75--6)
　　　Chosed (p. 65)
・ Pronominalization/relativization problems (pp. 138--41)
・ Relative clause dangling (p. 124)
・ Relative and preposition omitted, e.g. in the posture I lay (p. 137)
・ So . . ., as for so . . ., that (pp. 150--1)
・ Subject
　　　lacking, e.g. which it is not lawful to eat (pp. 110; 122--4)
　　　superfluous after who (p. 135)
・ Tense: consistent use (pp. 117--19)
・ Than with pronoun following (pp. 144--7)
・ That including which: of that [which] is moved (p. 134)
・ That (conj.)
　　　improperly accompanied by the subjunctive (p. 143)
　　　omitted (p. 147)
・ This means/these means/this mean (p. 120)
・ To superfluous, e.g. to see him to do it (p. 109)
・ Verb forms
　　　subjunctive verbs in the Indicative (wert for wast) (p. 52)
　　　Thou might for thou mightest (pp. 97, 137)
　　　I am the Lord that maketh . . .: first person subject with third person finite in relative clause (p. 136)
・ Thou for you
・ Who
　　　Whom for who in subject position (p. 97)
　　　Who for whom in object position (pp. 99, 127)
　　　Whose as the possessive of which (p. 38)
　　　Who used for as, e.g. no man so sanguine who did not apprehend (. . . so sanguine as to . . .) (p. 152)
・ Woe is me (p. 132); ah me (p. 153)
・ Ye for you in object position (pp. 33--4)
・ You was (pp. 48--9)
・ Various:
　　　"Improper use of the Infinitive" (p. 111)
　　　Sentences "abounding" with adverbs (p. 127)
　　　"Disused in common discourse": whereunto, whereby, thereof, therewith (p. 131)
　　　Improperly used: too . . ., that, too . . ., than, so . . ., but (pp. 152--3)

　・ Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid. "Eighteenth-Century Prescriptivism and the Norm of Correctness." Chapter 21 of The Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 539--57.

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