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óȻ (lexical diffusion) SǤϡͤäϤ"take-off" ȸƤФ롥̤ѸǤϡcritical mass ׳̡ˤȤƤФ롥LDOCE5 critical mass ߤƤߤ褦
1. the amount of a substance that is necessary for a nuclear chain reaction to start
2. the smallest number of people or things that are needed in order for something to happen or be possible
1ˤ褦ˡȤȤʪؤѸǡʬʪϢȿγ³Τɬפʪ̤ؤ̣ΰ̲ꡤʪؤ˸¤餺̤ˡĶȤʤϢȿߤ뤳ȤʤȤֶ̤פ̣褦ˤʤä
Ѳ lexical diffusion Ĺ餯ؿƤ"S-curve", "take-off", "critical mass" Ȥ褦ʥɤͭʤΤϲѲ˸¤ʤȻȤݤˤˤˤߤ뤷षѲγȻʤɤϳȻθ̤ˤƶˤƼŪǤ롥ȻϸѲʳΰǤǤꡤθѲᤷƤ뤳Ȥפȹͤ롥
ǡdiffusion Rogers Diffusion of Innovations ɤʸ471ǤȤΤܤˤĤƤθڤϡդɤ¤ʤȰ쥫ΤߤǤ롥⡤¾θԤΰʸΤʤǿƤˤʤʲϡcritical mass εΤʤǡԤ Schelling ȤԤѤƤսǤֻܥ֥ɮԡˡ
The notion of critical mass originated in physics, where it was defined as the amount of radioactive material necessary to produce a nuclear reaction. "An atomic pile 'goes critical' when a chain reaction of nuclear fission becomes elf-sustaining" (Schelling, 1978, p. 89). Various illustrations of critical mass situations, in which a process becomes self-sustaining after some threshold point has been reached, abound in everyday life. A single log must be present so that each log reflects its heat onto the other. When the ignition point is reached, the fire takes off, and the two logs burn to ashes. / The critical mass bears on the relationship between the behavior of individuals and the larger system of which they are part. It thus centers on a crucial cross-level analysis that is "characteristic of a large part of the social sciences, especially the more theoretical part" (Schelling, 1978, p. 13). "The principle of 'critical mass' is so simple that it is no wonder that it shows up in epidemiology, fashion, survival and extinction of species, language systems, racial integration, jaywalking, panic behavior, and political movements" (Schelling, 1978, p. 89). / The concept of the critical mass is fundamental to understanding a wide range of human behavior because an individual's actions often depend on a perception of how many other individuals are behaving in a particular way (Schelling, 1978). (Rogers 349)
βս꤬ܽͣθؤθڤȤäƼ˾櫓ǤʤषѲؤγȻαѤϻϤޤäФʤΤʤȥѥ줿Ȼ˳غŪǤꡤѲ̤ѶŪ˻ǤĶäƤ褦lexical diffusion ʤɤȸƤ֤Ȥʤˤ鸷ᤷɭѲ¾¿ʪƱ褦γȤΤ̤ʤȤϲʤ
¿ΰ̤γȻλǤϡȻγ礬5--20%ãȤʤȻߤ뤳ȤʤȤ (Rogers 12, 274, 360)פˡն critical mass ȹͤƤ褤ϸѲξˤ⤽ΤޤƤϤޤΤڤɬפ롥
Rogers, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press, 1995.
Schelling, Thomas C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior. New York: Norton, 1978.
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