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2011-09-10 Sat

#866. üԤΰռ̻ŪʼϤ뤫 [saussure][diachrony]

塼 (Ferdinand de Saussure; 1857--1913) ֤̻֤ν̤Ĵ֤θͥ褹٤⤤ȤϤ褯ΤƤʴݻpp. 73--78ˡ̻֤ŪȤ븫κˤϡѲѰŪǤꡤŪ⤿Ϣ³ǤȤǧ롥줬¼λʪδؤʤŪͤǤʾ塤Ѳϼˡ§˽櫓ϤʤĤޤηŪǤϤʤȤͤǤ롥֤Ф̻֤ŪɾٻĥϤ⤦Ĥ롥Τΰռˤ϶Ū¸ߤ̻ŪŪפ̤ƤݲˤäƤʤȤǤ롥ΤˡѸüԤȾϱѸˤʤΤ餺ȤΤäƤƤ⡤乽ʸε䤽ΤɤäƤƻڤռʤäƤ櫓ǤϤʤüԤΰռ̻֤ΤϤʤ褦˻פ롥
ޤǡŪˡüԤΰռ̻֤ΤϤʤפȤոƤˤʤȸȡɬ⤽ǤϤʤȹͤʸϤ˽Ф路Barber (10) ꤽβսѤ롥

Now it might be thought that the ordinary user of a language is in the position of de Saussure's synchronic observer: he is aware of the language as a system which exists now, and its history is irrelevant to him. This is almost true, but not quite. It is not quite true because we all have memories, and are not merely aware of the language as it exists at the present moment, but also as it existed ten, twenty, perhaps fifty years ago; and moreover we are aware of differences between the language as it was then and as it is now.


üԤϻ֤ΤʤƸĤǤΤ̻ŪʸռäƤʤϤʤȤΤϤäȤʵǤ롥ïŤɽȤΤʹСָŤפȴ뤷򼪤ˤСֿפȴ롥ϡüԤ餫̻ŪʸռäƤ뤬椨Ǥ롥̾ˤ츻ʹȿɴǯۤɤα󤤲۵뤬̻֤ͻΤˤޤǤĹ֤ͤɬפϤʤ俷줬ˤ˱褷ʹ֤ΰλ֡ǯȤû֤ǤΩɤ̻֤롥Barber ⤯̣ǤСüԤΰռ̻Ūʼ¸ߤȸ
ϡŤ濴˸Ѳ򸦵椷ƤȡäƵŤˤ⤷ʤѸθѲ˾ƤƤ롤ȯŪʡֶפȻפ

ݻ Ϻإ塼뾮ŵ١罤ۡ1985ǯ
Barber, Charles. Linguistic Change in Present-Day English. Alabama: U of Alabama P, 1964.

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