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2011-09-14 Wed

#870. diacritical mark [punctuation][alphabet][grammatology][ipa][netspeak][diacritical_mark]

񤭸դ˥޻ѤΤʤǤ⡤Ѹζˡ礭ħϡdiacritical markȯ(), ʬˤۤȤɻѤʤȤǤ롥褯ΤƤȤǤϡɥĸΥ饦ȵ (ex. ö, ü) ե󥹸Υ󵭹䥻ǥ (ex. é, à, î, ç) ڥΥƥ (ñ)ƹݲɸʸ (International Phonetic Alphabet; [2011-07-28-1]εIPA άˡפ򻲾) 뤬ѸˤʸμϤʤ㤴㤵ϤۤȤɤʤˤꡤѸϥڥǽ񤯤ˤ⥭ܡɤǥפˤݤʤʼ hel typist ϡIPA Ѥ褦 diacritical mark 򥿥פݤѤ路򸺤뤿ΥġǤ롥
diacritical markdiacritic ȤѸϡʬΥŪʡ̤פ̣ διακριτικóς ͳ褹롥ѸȤƤϡ"[i]n alphabetic writing, a symbol that attaches to a letter so as to alter its value or provide some other information" (McArthur) Ǥ롥
ѸǤ diacritical mark ϤۤȤɻѤʤȽҤ٤ĤƤ͡ʤΤ¸ߤޤʤ館Τ⡤鷺ʤ¸ߤ롥apostrophe, diaeresis, supraliteral dot 3ĤǤ롥apostrophe ( ' )ϡ[2010-11-30-1]εapostropheפǿ줿褦ˡ3εǽôäƤ롥is i's Ǥȯΰ㤤˴ͿƤ뤳Ȥդ줿diaeresis ( ¨ ) ϡۤȤѤȤʤäƤ뤬naïve, coöperate, zoölogy ʤɤθֻ˸졤Ϣ³첻̡첻Ȥɤޤ뤳Ȥ򼨤
supraliteral dot ( ˙ ) i j ξǤ롥ʸΰȤȤ߹ޤƤΤ diacritical mark Ȥưռ뤳ȤϤʤΤ褦˸Ƥ֤ȤŬڤɤȤ⤢뤬ȤƤϳΤ̤ʸȡֶ̤ä i ˤ⡤ j ˤ supraliteral dot դƤʤäminim ȸƤФ1ܤǹʸϼϤʸνΤʤפ䤹äΤǡդ뤳ȤΩʸǤ뤳ȤΤǤʴϢơ[2009-07-27-1]ε֤ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤פ򻲾ȡˡƥˤƤ i supraliteral dot 12οǤꡤ褷ƥ޻ȯդƤ櫓ǤϤʤ޻ i оŪˡꥷʸ ι (iota) ʤθȤɤƤ뤳Ȥաʤi j ʸȤƤʬ15ڥˤ׿ǡ˽ˤ⹭äΤǤʴϢơu v ʸʬˤĤƤ[2010-05-05-1], [2010-05-06-1]ε򻲾ȡˡ
ΤۤѸ café Schprachgefühl ʤɤˤơѸ diacritical mark ݻƤϤ뤬ϱѸʸηϤƱƤȤϤߤʤʤ
[2011-09-04-1]εָѸѲѰۤΰפǵ󤲤Ѹν񤭸դηȤơλѤˤʤäƤƤȤή줬롥diaeresis ԻѤϤȤꡤapostrophe ξά񤭤ǤˤǤꡤNetspeak ʤɤǤ̤ˤʤäƤƤ롥̡ˡȤƤݻƤ椯Ȼפ뤬ϰռѲƤ椱С줹μ¤ǤϤʤ⤷ʤsupraliteral dot ˴ؤƤϡ񤭤ǤæӻäɮΤ񤤤ƤǤ˺줿ꡤ̤ʸξǤäƤޤʤɤ¿ˡפǤǽ餫ޤƤæβǽʤΤǡ¾ diacritical mark Ȥϰ褷Ƥ椯
ܵˤĤƤϡPotter (38fn) ˰ʲΤ褦ʵҤäΤǻͤˤ

The apostrophe (now much diminished in use), the diaeresis (now obsolescent) and the supraliteral dot (over i and j) are, most fortunately, our only diacritics. The latter is a nuisance. How many writers place their dots precisely where they should be placed? In writing Greek you dot no iotas. No Latin manuscripts have supraliteral dots before the twelfth century when, for the first time, they were used to distinguish i more clearly since it was liable, especially in cursive script, to be taken as one of the strokes of an adjacent letter. An undotted j had begun as a mere final tailed i in Classical Latin in numerals like vıȷ and in words like fılıȷ 'of the son'. The letters i and j were first taken as two separate symbols in fifteenth-century Spanish. They did not become separate letters in English until the seventeeth [sic] century.


McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP, 1992.
Potter, Simon. Changing English. London: Deutsch, 1969.

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