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2011-09-30 Fri

#886. ǤˤޤĤ̻Ū [morphology][terminology][diachrony]

θؤ (morpheme) ϴŪʸñ̤1ĤȤƹǧƤ뤬ԤˤäƤϰۤʤäƤꡤΤʶ̤δפ¸ߤʤȤ϶ä٤ȤǤ롥Bolinger ŦƤ褦ˡ"it [the morpheme] represents at present a curious survival of the confusion of contemporary and historical analysis" (18) ˤĤƤϡ [2010-11-02-1]εcranberry morphemeפ[2011-03-28-1]ε#700. 졤ǡܼ캬촴ʣ졤ΡפǤ⿨줿
Ǥ᤯ Bloomfield ΤƤ롥"a linguistic form which bears no partial phonetic-semantic resemblance to any other form" (Section 10.2) 餯Ǥ⹭ƤϡHockett Nida ˤ "the smallest meaningful element" ȤΤ
ǤƱǺߤϡŵŪˡܼȸ촴ζ̤˴ؤ˸롥㤨Сdisease ϸ츻μˤ dis- + ease ȷʬϤ뤫⤷ʤϡְ¤餫ˤ餺פǡµפȤΰ̣ŪΥ϶ᤤ츻򶵤ФηʬϤ褦˻פ뤬ָ츻򶵤СפȤ衤ŪǤϤηʬϤ˲äƤ褤ΤȤ꤬夬ʴϢ[2011-09-10-1]ε#866. üԤΰռ̻ŪʼϤ뤫פ򻲾ȡˡ¿αѸüԤˤȤä disease Ϥ꾮ñ̤ؤʬϤɬפδʤ1Ĥηñ̤Ị̇ñ̤ǤꡤʿŪüԤζŪʸ촶Ф򵭽Ҥ뤳ȤܻؤȤǤȤΤǤСθ1Ǥȷʤ
ǡdishonesty disinterest ˤĤƤϡdis- ƬǤꡤ촴̤ȤФϡʤȤ disease ٤ж⤷ʤξˤϡdis- ϷǤȤڤФȤǤȤȤˤʤ
Ʊ褦ϡ̵˴ѻ롥motorcycle 2Ǥǧbicycle Ϥɤ cycle ʬ첻ΰ㤤ˤաˡrecall, reclaim, return ˤϡre- ƬȤƤΤ褽ͤʰֺ̣Ƥӡäơפ򴶤뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤ츻ŪƱƬ repertory, religion, recipe ˤϡϤ餯ʤüԤθ츻ŪμФ봶ФˤäơդȽǤɤΤˤƤⶦŪ re- ̻Ū re- Ȥ̤ɬפϤΤǤϤʤ̾ξ re- ϰ勞˰졤Ǥ˶Ū̻Ū̯˺ߤ̤ȤʤäƤ롥ơμμ갷񤷤ַǤݤΡפؤΤˡϢ (combining form) Ȥ̤νѸ줬Ѱդ뤳ȤˤʤäƤ ([2010-10-31-1])
Bolinger ϡŪʼǤηǤ "formative" ̻ŪʼǤηǤ "component" ȸƤʬơκ򤱤٤ȤƤʤʤcran- Τ褦 cranberry morpheme ϡ"residue" ȤƤ˶̤٤ȤƤˡ̵ξԤζ̤ۣϡѸǤˡܼŪǤ뤳ȤϾ˽Ҥ٤̤ǤϤ롥ʤȤѸζ̤ĤƤС˶֤̻֤դ򴭵ƤΤȤΩĤ
ζ̤θȡ㤨 once θ ce ϡŪˤϲΰ̣ʤʤΤ formative ȤϸƤ٤ʤ̻ŪˤϤĤƤ°ʸθƤ component ȤϸƤ٤뤳Ȥˤʤonce twice θˤĤƤ ##81,84 ε򻲾ȡˡ
ȤƤϡBolinger ˤȤäơŪʰ̣Ǥ morpheme (= formative) δϡ"Potentiality for new combination" (21) ˤȤȤΤ褦ʤȤ̣˰͵򤷤ʤʬ䤹Τ⤷ʤpotentiality 򤤤¬뤫Ȥ̤Ϥ

Bolinger, Dwight L. "On Defining the Morpheme." Word 4 (1948): 18--23.
Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. 1933. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1984.

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