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2013-06-07 Fri

#1502. Ⱦʤ̼ҳȻ [dialect][isogloss][methodology][wave_theory][geography]

ʤˤѼ郎¸ߤΤȤˤĤơ֤ѲĴ뽾ηǥؤΥơȤơȳȻĴȾǥ뤬ƤƤȤϡ#999. ѲȾ ([2012-01-21-1]) Ϥᡤwave_theory γƵǼ夲Ƥ
ȾˤС׿Ūʸ (linguistic item) γơϡӤꤲޤ줿ФΤ褦ˡŪȾ˳ȻƤ椯ܤˤä濴ΰ֤ϰۤʤ뤷Ȥζۤʤ뤷³֤ۤʤ뤿ᡤ̤ȤαƶεڤϰϤХХȤʤꡤȤʣ (isogloss) 뤳ȤˤʤΤǤ롥
ܤγȻιȤ뤳ȤǤΤϡޤǤǤ롥ιߤޤϳŪŪǤ뤫⤷ʤܤγȻϤüԡʽġˤѶŪ˺Ѥй³ǤʤлߤޤȤҲŪװ˰¸ʡ#1056. ѲϿʹ֤ˤѶŪʺѤǤ ([2012-03-18-1]) #1069. ե顼ɡɡ --- üԸĿͤοŤ󤸤ѡ ([2012-03-31-1]) 򻲾ȡˡޤȻܤϡɬ׿ŪʤΤǤɬפϤʤŤ餽ˤäܤȤȻ濴ϤȤƵǽϤȤȤ⤢ꤦΤǤ롥ꤲޤ줿СסֵŪιפȤΤߤǤϡԽʬȤȤˤʤ롥
ǡHudson (41) ϡذƤȤơŪʼҳȻȤ٤Τ󵯤

Because of these reservations it seems best to abandon the analogy of the stones dropping in a pool. A more helpful analogy would perhaps be one involving different species of plants sown in a field, each spreading outwards by dispersing its seeds over a particular area. In the analogy, each item would be represented by a different species, with its own rate of seed dispersal, and an isogloss would be represented by the limit of spread of a given species. Different species would be able to coexist on the same spot (a relaxation of the normal laws of botany), but it might be necessary to designate certain species as being in competition with one another, corresponding to items which provide alternative ways of saying the same thing (like the two pronunciations of farm). The advantages of this analogy are that there is no need for the distribution of species in a field to be in constant change with respect to every item, and that every item may be represented in the analogy, and not just those which are innovative.
     In terms of this analogy, a linguistic innovation is a new species which has arisen (either by mutation or by being brought in from outside), and which may or may not prosper. If it does, it may spread and replace some or all of its competitors, but if it does not it may either die out or remain confined to a very small area of the field (i.e. to a very small speech community). Whether or not a species thrives depends on how strongly its representatives grow (i.e. on the power and influence of its speech community): the bigger the plants, the more seeds they produce, and the better the chances of the species conquering new territory.


ΥǥϡHudson (48--49) ̤Ƥ롤 "variety-based view of language" Ȥ "item-based view of language" Ȥ礹롥⡤ġθܤ˼ҲŪǧȤ Hudson θѤǻȿǤƤ롥

Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 1996.

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