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ѸǼư֤ "passive voice"ǽư֤ "active voice" ȸƤ֤ʤ֡פ "voice" бΤʸˡƤϼŪʤɤʸǤưɽ魯ưȤɤΤ褦˴ؤ뤫ɽ魯ΤǤꡤưλѤͭ͡ʡ֡ˤɸ뵡ǽäƤ롥Τ褦ܸΡ֡פȤѸϤ뤫⤷ʤʤѸǤ "voice" ɽΤǤ롥ǡĴ٤Ƥߤ뤳Ȥˤ
ޤϡOED 顥voice, n. θ13ˤȡʸˡѸȤƤ "voice" ν15ȾǤΦʸǤϽФ16ʤΤǡѸǤλѤΤۤᤤȤˤʤˡǽ2ĵ褦
c1425 in C. R. Bland Teaching Gram. in Late Medieval Eng. (1991) 160 (MED), Þo secund coniugaciun..of passyf wowus, þat as -e- long befor þo -ris indecatyf, as doceris.
a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Cambr. Mm. II. 15) (1850) xv. 57 A participle of a present tens, either preterit, of actif vois, eithir passif.
MED voice (n.) 6(a) ˤС15ʸˡѸȤơ㤬³ȵ롥̣Ȥˡ̾Ρֳʡ (case) ɽ魯Τ voice ѤƤ㤬롥ޤ OED voice, n. θ14ˤϡѤǤϤ뤬ֿ;Ρ (person) Ȥ⤢롥ĤޤȤvoice ϡˤơФưΡ֡פɽ魯ۤȤˤ̾ưζƤɽ魯ȤǤ餷
Ϣơƥʸˡǡ֡פ "genus" ȸƤФ뤬̾ƤǤ "gender" ȤƱǤ롥Ѹ줬ʻˤ餺ʬŽդ٥ȤƶѤ뤳Ȥ롤⤦1ĤȤƲǤ롥ʸˡѸλȤʸˡȤ°ήɤˤ¸뤿ᡤΰŪѸȸƱꤹˤʸˡˤμɬפȤʤˤϤμϤʤΤǡܺ٤Ω뤳ȤǤʤ
ˤĤơۤ˼꤬Ϥʤȸؼŵ¾äƤߤƹԤäΤճʤȤ Lyons (371--72)
8.3.1 The term 'voice'
The term 'voice' (Latin vox) was originally used by Roman grammarians in two distinguishable, but related, senses: (i) In the sense of 'sound' (as used in the 'pronunciation' of human language: translating the Greek term phōnē, especially of the 'sounds' produced by the vibration of the 'vocal cords': hence the term 'vowel' (from Latin sonus vocalis, 'a sound produced with voice', via Old French vowel). (ii) Of the 'form' of a word (that is, what it 'sounded' like) as opposed to its 'meaning' . . . . the first of these two senses is still current in linguistics in the distinction between voiced and voiceless 'sounds' (whether as phonetic or phonological units . . .). In the second sense, 'voice' has disappeared from modern linguistic theory. Instead, the term has developed a third sense, derived ultimately from (ii) above, in which it refers to the active and passive 'forms' of the verb. (the traditional Latin term for this third sense was species or genus. In the course of time, genus was restricted to the nominal category of 'gender'; and the somewhat artificial classification of the 'forms' of the different parts of speech in terms of genera and species was abandoned.) The traditional Greek term for 'voice' as a category of the verb was diathesis, 'state', 'disposition', 'function', etc.; and some linguists prefer to use 'diathesis', rather than 'voice', in this sense of the term. However, the risk of confusion between the phonetic or phonological sense of 'voice' and its grammatical sense is very small.
voice ˤ衤case ˤ衤gender ˤ衤ʸˡƤѸθ츻̣õäƤ⤢ޤǼ椫ʤΤϡɤΤȤ줾ʸˡƤεǽǤϵҤǤʤʪǤꡤʤСּפַפɽ魯夨ƤޤȤ̾դФˤ٤뤫餫⤷ʤ
ʤΰѤˤ⤢̤ꡤ֡פȤʸˡƤɽ魯Τˡvoice Τۤ˥ꥷͳ diathesis ȤѸ줬Ȥ뤳Ȥ⤢롥 dia- (between) + thesis (position) Ȥǡ֡פۤɤθǤ롥
Lyons, John. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP, 1968.
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