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2016-02-22 Mon

#2492. ɽ魯ȴλΡԡ˶ [perfect][preterite][tense][aspect][syntax][auxiliary_verb][adverb][generative_grammar][present_perfect_puzzle]

#2490. λʸhave + ʬפεȯã ([2016-02-20-1]) ǿ줿褦ˡѸ˴λʸŪ˳Ω⡤ǽŪˤϲȤʬϽѸޤǤۤΤʷǸʤäξڵˡˤϲλؼʶˤȴλ㤬ʤ餺ʸڤ롥ηˤĤơMustanoja (504) Ѥ褦

In ME and early Mod. E the functional distinction between the preterite and the compound tenses of the past is not, however, nearly so clear-cut as it is today, and the perfect, for example, may occur in conjunction with adverbs of past time: --- and homward he shal tellen othere two [tales], Of aventures that whilom han bifalle (Ch. CT A Prol. 795).


16--17ˤʤȤξѲѸΤ褦˴λȲʶˤζʤʤäƤե󥹸ɥĸʤɶ٤ν줬Ʊͤʣñɽ魯ΤݻƤΤоŪˡѸǤϤλ򶭤˴λȲ֡ǽȤΤ˶̤褦ˤʤäΤǤ롥ʤѸˤˤƤϡΤ褦ʶ̤ΤơʤȤ櫓λΤդϡʸˡŪΩ줫 "present perfect puzzle" ȸƤФƤ롥
ѸȶٽӤ Yanagi ˤСhave ư V-to-T movement ʸŤѸ졤ե󥹸졤ɥĸ졤ɸʤɡˤˤĤƤϲʬʿԤưư뤬ǤʤʸѸΦǥʥˤˤĤƤϲʬưʤơγƹŪʰư̵ͭ3 (Event Point, Speech Point, Reference Point) ߴطϢưƤꡤǽŪ˲˶Ťλ˶ŤꤹȤV-to-T movement ˤĤƤϡ̾ۤʤ졤¼ŪˤۤƱݤˤĤưä#1670. ˡưȯã V-to-I movement ([2013-11-22-1]) 򻲾ȤƤΰ츫ƤŪʸݤȤǽ̩ܤ˴ϢƤǽȤȤϡ¤˶̣Ȥ櫓פϡV-to-T movement äȤȡɽ魯ȴλζʤʤϤ16礹뤳ȤǤ롥
Yanagi η (96) Ѥ褦

Here it has been argued that the obsolescence of the present perfect puzzle in the history of English can be attributed to the loss of overt verb movement by using the following assumptions: (a) In a language with independent V-to-T movement, perfect participles can move overtly; (b) In a language without independent V-to-T movement, perfect participles cannot move overtly. In addition, the viability of the present analysis was further supported by applying it to modern Germanic and Romance languages. As a theoretical contribution, it is semantically motivated.


Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.
Yanagi, Tomohiro. "A Syntactic Approach to the Present Perfect Puzzle in the History of English." ضѸ츦١20桤2004ǯ73--103.

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