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ֳϰαѸˤĤơ#1679. The West Indies αѸ ([2013-12-01-1]) ϤȤ caribbean γƵˤƤֳϰȰˤäƤ⡤Ѹ䥯쥪 (creole) μҲŪϰ̤ϸġϤǰۤʤäƤꡤưפ˳礹뤳ȤϤˤɸŪʱѸѼȤߤʤ (acrolect) ȡŪˤǤ֤äƤѸ١Υ쥪Ѽ (basilect) Ȥδ֤ˡ¿ŪѼ (mesolects) ǧ졤 post-creole continuum ѻ륱Ǥϡbasilect ˶ᤤѼμҲŪʰ֤ŤʤҲŪʼΧ (autonomy) ǤʴϢơ#385. Guyanese Creole Ϣ³Ρ ([2010-05-17-1])#1522. autonomy heteronomy ([2013-06-27-1])#1523. Abstand language Ausbau language ([2013-06-28-1]) ȡˡ
ǯ¿ϰ basilect ѼμΧȤǧ褦ˤʤäƤƤȸ뤬ǧĤοˤĤƤϰˤäƲٺ롥㤨СBelize, Guyana, Jamaica Τ褦ʼҲǤϡacrolect basilect γ֤꤬ʬ礭ȴƤꡤԥ쥪Ѽ "Ausbau language" ȤƤ autonomy ʸ䤹ǡthe Bahamas, Barbados, Trinidad ʤɤǤϥ쥪Ѽ "intermediate creole varieties" (Winford 417) ȸƤФۤɡϤɸŪѼȤεΥŪᤤˡ heteronomy Ŧ䤹Winford (418--19) ꡤ"The Autonomy of Creole Varieties" ꤹѤ褦
In the Anglophone Caribbean, the question of the autonomy of the creole vernaculars has long been fraught with controversy, concerning both their linguistic structure and their socio-political status as national vernaculars. DeCamp (1971) was among the first to point to the problem of defining the boundaries of the language varieties in such situations, where there is a continuous spectrum of speech varieties ranging from the creole to the standard. Caribbean linguists, however, have argued that there are sound linguistic grounds for treating the more "radical" creole varieties as autonomous. A large part of the debate over the socio-political status of the creoles has focused on situations such as those in Belize, Guyana, and Jamaica, where the creole is quite distant from the standard. There is a growing trend, among both the public and the political establishment, to view the creoles in these communities as languages distinct from English. For instance, Beckford-Wassink (1999: 66) found that 90 percent of informants in a language attitude survey regarded Jamaican Creole as a distinct language, basing their judgments primarily on lexicon and accent.
In intermediate creole situations such as in the Bahamas, Barbados, and Trinidad, there is a greater tendency to see the creole vernaculars as deviant dialects of English rather than separate varieties. Even here, though, there is a trend toward tolerating the use of these varieties for purposes of teaching the standard. So far, however, support for this comes primarily from linguists or other academics, and is not generally matched by popular opinion.
Τ褦ϰ褴ȤβٺϡŪˤϸŪǤꡤҲŪǤ⤢뤬̻Ūˤϥ쥪Ѽ郎졤ɸѼȤŪʰּ忴Ƥаޤΰ㤤¸˸ŪǤ롥
Winford, Donald. "English in the Caribbean." Chapter 41 of A Companion to the History of the English Language. Ed. Haruko Momma and Michael Matto. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. 413--22.
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