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2016-06-22 Wed

#2613. ؤˤ벻ħΰ֤Ť (4) [phonaesthesia][sound_symbolism][word_formation][semantic_change][etymology][blend]

ɸ4 (cf. [2012-10-17-1], [2015-05-28-1])[2016-06-14-1]) Samuels ϡphonaesthesia Ȥݤ켫ȡѲ1ȤƽפǤǤϤʤ̼θѲβˤͿȹͤƤ롥ʲΤ褦ˡ֤̣ؤδͿƿˤ׸ȽҤ٤Ƥ (Samuels 48)

   (a) a word changes in form because its existing meaning suggests the inclusion of a phonaestheme, or the substitution of a different one;
   (b) a word changes in meaning because its existing form fits the new meaning better, i.e. its form thereby gains in motivation;
   (c) a new word arises from a combination of both (a) and (b).


(a) ζȤ Samuels ε󤲤ƤΤdrag, fag, flag, lag, nag, sag Τ褦 phonaestheme -ag /-ag/ ĸ췲Ǥ롥Τʤ flag, lag, sag ˤĤƤϡΤƤ츻Ϥ /g/ ǤϤʤ /k/ äƤ롥˾Τ줫ʳ /k/ /g/ ִ줿Ȥ򼨺뤬ϲѲη̤ǤϤʤ phonaestheme -ag αƶˤΤ̣Ǥ (analogy) ȤäƤ褤פǤ礭Ǥ꾮 phonaestheme Ȥñ̤εˤðۤǤ롥ۤˡդɽ魯Τ˻ҲŤͤ "expressive gemination" ⡤(a) Υפ˶ᤤ
(b) ȤƤϡcl- br- ĤĤθΰ̣ phonaestheme ΤĴްաʤ줾 "clinging, coagulation" "vehemence" ۤɡˤ˶ŤĤѲƤäҲ𤵤Ƥ (Samuels 55--56)

 earlier meaninglater meaning
CLOGfasten wood to (1398)encumber by adhesion (1526)
CLASPfasten (1386), enfold (1447)grip by hand, clasp (1583)
BRAZENof brass (OE)impudent (1573)
BRISTLEstand up stiff (1480)become indignant (1549)
BROILburn (1375)get angry (1561)


(c) ȤƤϡflurry θ츻ιͻ (Samuels 62) ñϡ餯 hurry Ȥ줬ΤȤʤäƤꡤƬҲ h phonaestheme fl- ˤ֤줿Τȿ仡Ƥ롥ȤȡϹ̣Ǻ (blend) ΰȹͤ졤smog, brunch, trudge ʤɤˤߤ뤳ȤǤ롥
嵭ΤʤˤϡФи츻ԾܤȤΤޤޤƤ뤬phonaesthesia ̣ѲθȤǧ뤳Ȥˤꡤ츻꤬褵륱ʤʤΤǤϤʤ
Ǥ礭Ǥ꾮ñ̤ȤƤ phonaestheme ȤͤˤϴؿäƤ롥ǯ9˸Ƭȯɽ "From Paragogic Segments to a Stylistic Morpheme: A Functional Shift of Final /st/ in Function Words Such As Betwixt and Amongst (cf. #2325. ICOME9 ˻äƵŤسĬήʤɡ ([2015-09-08-1])) 䡤"Betwixt and Between: The Ebb and Flow of Their Historical Variants" ꤹĴ betwixt amongst /-st/ ޤ phonaestheme ǤϤʤȹͤƤ롥

Samuels, M. L. Linguistic Evolution with Special Reference to English. London: CUP, 1972.
Hotta, Ryuichi. "Betwixt and Between: The Ebb and Flow of Their Historical Variants." Journal of the Faculty of Letters: Language, Literature and Culture 114 (2014): 17--36.

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