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#2593. 졤͡¡ʸĤʤΤȤƤΥե ([2016-06-02-1]) Ǽ褦ˡǧθŪʸˤСǰե (conceptual_metaphor) ϻͤ˱ƶڤܤǤʤưδפȤʤ롥ʤǰեϡ͡ιư¥ưϤȤʤꤦȤǡŪѤ뤳ȤȤȤ
Lakoff and Johnson θŵŪ Metaphors We Live By κǽϤκǽˡ"Politics" ꤹʸϤ֤ƤΤϼŪǤ롥ǤϤФСֿʹå褦ʡ (dehumanizing) եѤ졤ˤäƼºݤˡֿʹ (human degradation) ޤƤȡԤϻŦ롥ƱκǸ2ȴФ
Political and economic ideologies are framed in metaphorical terms. Like all other metaphors, political and economic metaphors can hide aspects of reality. But in the area of politics and economics, metaphors matter more, because they constrain our lives. A metaphor in a political or economic system, by virtue of what it hides, can lead to human degradation.
Consider just one example: LABOR IS A RESOURCE. Most contemporary economic theories, whether capitalist or socialist, treat labor as a natural resource or commodity, on a par with raw materials, and speak in the same terms of its cost and supply. What is hidden by the metaphor is the nature of the labor. No distinction is made between meaningful labor and dehumanizing labor. For all of the labor statistics, there is none on meaningful labor. When we accept the LABOR IS A RESOURCE metaphor and assume that the cost of resources defined in this way should be kept down, then cheap labor becomes a good thing, on a par with cheap oil. The exploitation of human beings through this metaphor is most obvious in countries that boast of "a virtually inexhaustible supply of cheap labor"---a neutral-sounding economic statement that hides the reality of human degradation. But virtually all major industrialized nations, whether capitalist or socialist, use the same metaphor in their economic theories and policies. The blind acceptance of the metaphor can hide degrading realities, whether meaningless blue-collar and white-collar industrial jobs in "advanced" societies or virtual slavery around the world.
"LABOUR IS A RESOURCE" Ȥǰեˤɤäפ꿻äҲɤäפ꿻ääƤĿͤȤơεˤȿʤФǤ롥ǡȿʤ褦ȷդǡ˼ºݤȿʤ뤳ȤǤȤȤϡγǰեˤäơʹ֤λͤư˹«櫓ǤϤʤȤȤˤʤ롥ǰեȻ͡ưδط˴ؤϡԥᥦդβ (sapir-whorf_hypothesis) Ȥ¿
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1980.
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