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ϡѸ (history of the English language) Ȥʬ19衤ؤ䤽μդγΰȯŸȤȤˤɤΤ褦ȯŸƤƺɤΤ褦ȯŸ³ƤꡤɤΤ褦ظäƹԤΤȤˤĤƹͤȤΤϡMomma and Matto ˤԤޤ줿αѸ˼ƳǤ롥
1920Ƭˤϸؤδؿ鲻֤Ūȯã̩õ뤳ȤäӸؤȸƤФŪΰ褬ͥ줿̤ؤϤ˿䤷ʤǤ롥ѸˤΤ褦ʸ̸ˤɬŪˤ˾ꡤǵҤ٤ϡѸβ֤ʤɤФƤѲפǤ뤳Ȥ뤵ƤߤȤαѸΡ̻ˡ (internal history) Ǥ롥Matto and Momma (7) ˤȡ
. . . the study of language in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was almost exclusively philological. Sound shifts, developments in vocabulary, and syntactic changes were of primary interest, while historical events were at best secondary.
20ʤǤȡӸؤȤϰۤʤ빽¤Ūʸθ졤ŪηϤؤδؿѤ餺³ΤΡǸηŪǤҲ䤽ˤȤä쳰δĶˤäƤ˾դΤȤäռƤơѸ˵ҤˤȼҲĶδطռȿǤϤ"emphasis on the social function of language" (Matto and Momma 8) ȤǤ롥ǡѸˤˡֳ̻ˡ (external history) ȤܳŪդääƤΤǤ롥
Ѹˤˤ̻ˤȳ̻ˤߴطŻ뤹뵭Ҥ٤λȤʤäƤη˾ǡ20Ⱦ顤ѸˤȤʬȯŸ3ʳȤ⤤뿷ʻ夬ϤޤäƤ롥ϡɸѸȤפ1Ѽǯ嵭ȤαѸ˵ҤæơɸŪѼޤ "Englishes" ˤ礷褦ȻߤʳǤ롥ǤϤʤ¿¿ͤʱѸѼˤܻؤʱѸˤؤĩǤ롥Matto and Momma (8) ϡθɸѸؤ³ռűѸ졤Ѹ졤Ѹ3ʬȤȯۤϡѸ˵ҤˤȤäƤϡޤľŪȴƤ롥
[The tripartite history of Old, Middle, and Modern English] is linear, tracing a straight-line trajectory for a well-defined, unitary language, thus denying a full history to the offshoots, the non-standard dialects, the conservative backwaters, or the avant-garde neologisms of a given historical period. But even if we grant that the "standard" language has until recently had enough momentum to pull along most variants in its wake, such a single straight-line trajectory is insufficient to capture the current global spread and multidimensional changes in the world's Englishes. It may be time to consider the "Old--Middle--Modern" triptych as complete, and to seek new models for representing English in the world today as well as for the processes that led to it.
Τ褦ʿŪʱѸ˵ҤưפãǤϤϤʤȤȤϡԼԤ褯Ƥ褦ϸߤ̤αѸˤΤ٤ѤǤꡤ٤ʳMatto and Momma (8--9) ۩
We cannot offer here a unified image that captures all aspects of the history of English; the result would of necessity be a schematic chimera of chronological lines, branching trees, holistic circles, interactive networks, and evolutionary processes. Such a chimera cannot be easily imagined . . . .
嵭ΡʬȤƤαѸˤȯŸʳפˤĤưϤʤơȯŸʳˤƶ̤Ƥ뤬ƤʤȤ1Ĥ롥ϡѸ˵ҤҲŪ¦̤ĸȤݤ˵ҤǤʾ塤㤨ХꥹȤ˹ˤȤäƱѸȤϲʸ߱ѸŪѤƤˤȤäƱѸȤϲˤȤäƸȤϲȤȤ̵ǤϤʤȤ¤Ǥ롥Ѹ˵ҤȤϡˡΤ褦䤤ФƵҼԤĤ뵡ȹͤƤ롥
Matto, Michael and Haruko Momma. "History, English, Language: Studying HEL Today." Chapter 1 of A Companion to the History of the English Language. Ed. Haruko Momma and Michael Matto. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. 3--10.
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