01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
줬Ūɸಽɸಽ֤ݤɸಽ (standardisation cycle) ȸƤ֡#3207. ɸѸȸɸಽ˴ؤ뤤ĤνѸ ([2018-02-06-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ѸѤСʶƱΡˤ focused diffuse ξˤԤä褿ꤹȤȤˤʤ롥
Swann et al. μҲؼŵˤȡΤ褦ˤ롥
standardisation cycle According to Greenberg (1986) and Ferguson (1988), a regular historical process by which an originally relatively uniform language splits into several dialects; then at a later stage a common, uniform standard is established on the basis of these dialects. Finally, this variety will again split into regional and social varieties and the cycle will start again.
ΤˡδѸˤ֤ȡȿѰۤ졤focused diffuse δ֤Ԥ褷ƤȤǧ뤳ȤǤ롥#3231. ɸ˼ Blake αѸ˻ʬ ([2018-03-02-1]) 7ʬά˥ղȡΤ褦ˤʤΤǤϤʤ

1000ǯˤëϡѸ˾ǽɸ Late West Saxon γΩؤΩȤϤäƤⴰʤ "focused" ξ֤ˤãƤ餺٤ѰۤƤˤɸǤ롥θ塤ƤѸ "diffuse" ʾ֤ز뤬15äȸɸˤĤʤĬήϤޤäƤ롥αѸ˾2ܤɸಽϡ1ܤ "focused" ٤ۤ "fixed" Ȥ٤ΤǤ뤳ȤդǸʹߡѸ줬ʬȻƤΤ¤Ǥꡤ⥰դΤǤСΤ褦ˤʤ뤫⤷ʤȤСfocused diffuse ؤΥ뤬ƤӻưƤ褦˸Ƥ롥
Swann, Joan, Ana Deumert, Theresa Lillis, and Rajend Mesthrie, eds. A Dictionary of Sociolinguistics. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2004.
Greenberg, J. H. "Were There Egyptian Koines?" The Fergusonian Impact. Vol. 1. Ed. A. Fishman, A. Tabouret-Kellter, M. Clyne, B. Krishnamurti and M. Abdulaziz. Berlin and New York: Academic P, 1986.
Ferguson, C. A. "Standardization as a Form of Language Spread." Language Spread and Language Policy: Issues, Implications, and Case Studies. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics, 1987. Ed. P. Lowenberg. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP, 1988.
Blake, N. F. A History of the English Language. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.
2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
ǽ: 2026-07-01 06:06
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow