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2018-03-24 Sat

#3253. θ경ʸˡλ㤫ݤ [word_order][grammaticalisation]

Meillet θ경ʸˡ (grammaticalisation) λȤߤʤȤϡ#1972. Meillet ʸˡ([2014-09-20-1]) ǿ줿̾ʸˡȤϸŪʰ̣äŪʸʶˤʸˡŪʵǽӤӤ褦ˤʤѲؤŪʸȤΤʸˡȸ硤ϤʤˤƤȸΤHopper and Traugott ϡMeillet 1912ǯεǰ٤ʸ˸ڤĤġˤĤƲ⤷Ƥ (23)

At the end of the article he opens up the possibility that the domain of grammaticalization might be extended to the word order of sentences (1912: 147--8). In Latin, he notes, the role of word order was "expressive," not grammatical. (By "expressive," Meillet means something like "semantic" or "pragmatic.") The sentence 'Peter slays Paul' could be rendered Petrus Paulum caedit, Paulum Petrus caedit, caedit Paulum Petrus, and so on. In modern French and English, which lack case morphemes, word order has primarily a grammatical value. The change has marks of grammaticalization: (i) it involves change from expressive to grammatical meaning; (ii) it creates new grammatical tools for the language, rather than merely modifying already existent ones. The grammatical fixing of word order, then, is a phenomenon "of the same order" as the grammaticalization of individual words: "The expressive value of word order which we see in Latin was replaced by a grammatical value. The phenomenon is of the same order as the 'grammaticalization' of this or that word; instead of a single word, used with others in a group and taking on the character of a 'morpheme' by the effect of usage, we have rather a way of grouping words" (1912: 148).


(i) ˼Ƥ褦ˡŪŪʰ̣ôäƤ䤬ʸˡŪˤʤäȲǤȤ館ơθ경ʸˡȸƤǤ뤳Ȥ狼롥ޤ(ii) ˤ褦ˡ줬ʡʸˡŪƻפΤȤĥ⡤ʤۤɤǤ롥
Hopper and Traugott ϡθ경ʸˡ̴طˤ뤳ȤǧĤĤ⡤켫ΤʸˡλȤߤʤΤǤʤȹͤƤ롥ͳ1ĤϡѲɬ (unidirectionality) ǧʤȤ (60) ޤѲ¾ʸˡݤϤäƤȤѲʸˡ˲̤ŪˤĤƤ⡤Hopper and Traugott ϿŤΩäƤ (61) ơѲʸˡȤƻФΤϹƤȤ󥹤Ǥ롥

Hopper, Paul J. and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. Grammaticalization. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
Meillet, Antoine. "L'évolution des formes grammaticales." Scientia 12 (1912). Rpt. in Linguistique historique et linguistique générale. Paris: Champion, 1958. 130--48.

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