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ѸˤϡʹߤϢʤ³ "the complaint tradition" ʿˤꡤ"the complaint literature" ʿʸˤѤƤ㤨С#301. ѤȤѸθˡ Top 10 ([2010-02-22-1]) ǼतΡ֤ʱѸϼʤפȤӤΤȤǤ롥ŵŪ˿ʹʤɤ˴Ƥ
ϡɸѸ줬ۤܳΩǡϼŪĬ褦ˤʤäƤŤλ̤롥̾ͤǤСJohn Dryden (1631--1700) 䡤 Jonathan Swift (1667--1745) κǽôȤcf. #3220. ɻ˾αѸ쥢ǥߡɤ Dryden αѸ˾ɾ ([2018-02-19-1])#1947. Swift clipping Ƚ([2014-08-26-1])ˡ
Milroy and Milroy ˤСˤ2ĤΥפȤξԤϽŤʤ⤢뤬ŪۤʤäƤꡤŪˤʪȹͤɬפ롥ޤ Type 1 顥
Type 1 complaints, which are implicitly legalistic and which are concerned with correctness, attack 'mis-use' of specific parts of the phonology, grammar, vocabulary of English (and in the case of written English 'errors' of spelling, punctuation, etc.). . . . The correctness tradition (Type 1) is wholly dedicated to the maintenance of the norms of Standard English in preference to other varieties: sometimes writers in this tradition attempt to justify the usages they favour and condemn those they dislike by appeals to logic, etymology and so forth. Very often, however, they make no attempt whatever to explain why one usage is correct and another incorrect: they simply take it for granted that the proscribed form is obviously unacceptable and illegitimate; in short, they believe in a transcendental norm of correct English. / . . . . Type 1 complaints (on correctness) may be directed against 'errors' in either spoken or written language, and they frequently do not make a very clear distinction between the two. (30--31)
Type 1 ϡǤŵŪʥפǤꡤȤñƤʿǤ롥ָȽפȤäƤ褤ΥפɸѸݻ (maintenance) 뵡ǽôäƤȤŦ⤪⤷
˵ Type 2 Type 1 ۤΤƤʤϤ Swift ˤޤ̤롥
Type 2 complaints, which we may call 'moralistic', recommend clarity in writing and attack what appear to be abuses of language that may mislead and confuse the public. . . . / Type 2 complaints do not devote themselves to stigmatising specific errors in grammar, phonology, and so on. They accept the fact of standardisation in the written channel, and they are concerned with clarity, effectiveness, morality and honesty in the public use of the standard language. Sometimes elements of Type 1 can enter into Type 2 complaints, in that the writers may sometimes condemn non-standard usage in the belief that it is careless or in some way reprehensible; yet the two types of complaints can in general be sharply distinguished. The most important modern author in this second tradition is George Orwell . . . (30)
Type 1 "the correctness tradition" ȸƤ֤ʤСType 2 "the moralistic tradition" ȸƤǤ褤Ѥˤ褦ˡGeorge Orwell (1903--50) Ǥ̾ʼ羧ԤǤ롥Type 2 ɽǯưȤƤϡ1979ǯ˻Ϥ줿 "Plain English Campaign" 롥ŪʾˤïˤǤʬʸո٤ȼĥȿǤꡤʱѸǽ줿ʸ "Crystal Mark" դưԤʤäƤۤǯʱѸФƾޤ£äƤ롥
Milroy, Lesley and James Milroy. Authority in Language: Investigating Language Prescription and Standardisation. 4th ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2012.
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