01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
ѸˤѲϳμ¤˵äƤ롥[2010-05-18-1]εǤߤ褦ˡInner Circle äƤɸѸͤ뤫ǤϡѸʤɤ٤ȸѸ˵äƤѲεϤϳΤ˾ȤѸȤɤ ( components ) ( see [2010-05-09-1] ) Ǥⲿ餫ѲʹǤ롥ϡSvartvik and Leech, Chapter 11 դ濴˿ʤ顤ѸαɸѼ˵äƤѲȤμȤʤ variation ιܤ̤˥ꥹȥåפƤߤ롥ŪǤϤʤѸθѲγѤˤϤʤȻפ롥ܥ֥εǴϢꤢȤΤΤˤĤƤϡĥä
phonetics, phonology
Northern Cities Shift
vowel shift in Estuary English
stress shift as in Caribbean, controversy, and harass
stress shift in diatones
rhotic or non-rhotic /r/ in New York City ( in Labov's sociolinguistic study )
spelling pronunciation as in often
morphology
apostrophe-s genitives
regularisation of nominal plurals in favour of -s as in mouses, octopuses, and thesauruses
syntax
semi-modals such as (be) supposed to and have got to
present progressive constructions
negative contractions
relative clauses with that or zero
revival of subjunctive
catenation of words as in New York City Ballet School instructor
semantics
semantic bleaching by grammaticalisation (cf. semi-modals above)
singular they
pragmatics
honorific vocatives such as Mr and Sir on the decrease
first-name terms on the increase
gender-neutral pronouns
second person plural pronouns such as y'all and you guys
lexicology, word formation
political correctness
e-vocabulary as a result of e-revolution
alphabetisms and acronyms especially in Netspeak
blends
conversion
spelling
emoticons such as :-) and :-(
Svartvik, Jan and Geoffrey Leech. English: One Tongue, Many Voices. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
ǽ: 2026-06-26 03:46
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow